Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging is a hybrid imaging modality that is based on the detection of acoustic waves generated by absorption of pulsed light by tissue chromophores such as hemoglobin in blood. For this technique, usually large and costly Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers are used. These lasers provide a pulse energy of at least several milliJoules. In search of alternative light sources, we investigated the use of a small and compact pulsed laser diode to image blood vessels. We proved that a pulsed laser diode can be applied for imaging blood vessels in vivo.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hoelen CGA, de Mul FFM (1999) A new theoretical approach to photoacoustic signal generation. J Acoust Soc Am 106:695–706
Kolkman RGM, Klaessens JHGM, Hondebrink E, Hopman JCW, de Mul FFM, Steenbergen W, Thijssen JM, van Leeuwen TG (2004) Photoacoustic determination of blood vessel diameter. Phys Med Biol 49:4745–4756
Wang XD, Pang YJ, Ku G, Xie XY, Stoica G, Wang LV (2003) Noninvasive laser-induced photoacoustic tomography for structural and functional in vivo imaging of the brain. Nat Biotechnol 21:803–806
Wang XD, Pang YJ, Ku G, Stoica G, Wang LV (2003) Three-dimensional laser-induced photoacoustic tomography of mouse brain with the skin and skull intact. Opt Lett 28:1739–1741
Siphanto RI, Thumma KK, Kolkman RGM, van Leeuwen TG, de Mul FFM, van Neck JW, van Adrichem LNA, Steenbergen W (2005) Serial noninvasive photoacoustic imaging of neovascularization in tumor angiogenesis. Opt Express 13:89–95
Siphanto RI, Kolkman RGM, Huisjes A, Pilatou MC, de Mul FFM, Steenbergen W, van Adrichem LNA (2004) Imaging of small vessels using photoacoustics: an in vivo study. Lasers Surg Med 35:354–362
Kruger RA, Kiser WL, Reinecke DR, Kruger GA (2003) Thermoacoustic computed tomography using a conventional linear transducer array. Med Phys 30:856–860
Kruger RA, Kiser WL, Reinecke DR, Kruger GA and Miller KD (2003) Thermoacoustic optical molecular imaging of small animals. Mol Imaging 2:113–123
Kolkman RGM, Hondebrink E, Steenbergen W, de Mul FFM (2003) In vivo photoacoustic imaging of blood vessels using an extreme-narrow aperture sensor. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron 9:343–346
Kolkman RGM, Hondebrink E, Steenbergen W, van Leeuwen TG, de Mul FFM (2004) Photoacoustic imaging with a double-ring sensor featuring a narrow aperture. J Biomed Opt 9:1327–1335
Niederhauser JJ, Jaeger M, Lemor R, Weber P, Frenz M (2005) Combined ultrasound and optoacoustic system for real-time high-contrast vascular imaging in vivo. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 24:436–440
Viator JA, Choi B, Ambrose M, Spanier J, Nelson JS (2003) In vivo port-wine stain depth determination with a photoacoustic probe. Appl Opt 42:3215–3224
Bosschaart N, Kolkman RGM, van Leeuwen TG, Steenbergen W (2006) Imaging of venous valves with photoacoustics. In: Oraevsky AA, Wang LV (eds) Photons plus ultrasound: imaging and sensing 2006, Proceedings of SPIE vol 6086, SPIE Bellingham (in press)
Kruger RA, Kiser WL Jr, Romilly AP, Schmidt P (2001) Thermoacoustic CT of the breast: pilot study observations. In: Oraevsky AA (ed) Biomedical Optoacoustics II, Proceedings of SPIE vol 4256, SPIE Bellingham, pp 1–5
Manohar S, Kharine A, van Hespen JCG, Steenbergen W, van Leeuwen TG (2005) The Twente photoacoustic mammoscope: system overview and performance. Phys Med Biol 50:2543–2557
Oraevsky AA, Andreev VG, Karabutov AA, Solomatin SV, Savateeva EV, Fleming RD, Gatalica Z, Singh H (2001) Laser optoacoustic imaging of breast cancer in vivo. In: Oraevsky AA (ed) Biomedical Optoacoustics II, Proceedings of SPIE vol 4256, SPIE Bellingham, pp 81–94
Allen TJ, Cox BT, Beard PC (2005) Generating photoacoustic signals using high-peak power pulsed laser diodes. In: Oraevsky AA, Wang LV (eds) Photons plus ultrasound: Imaging and sensing 2005, Proceedings of SPIE vol 5697, SPIE Bellingham, pp 233–242
International standard IEC 60825-1:1993+A1:1997+A2 (2001) Safety of laser products—Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and user’s guide, IEC Geneva, Switzerland
Acknowledgements
This work was partly funded by the Netherlands Foundation of Fundamental Research on Matter FOM (grant 00PMT22) and the Institute for BioMedical Technology (BMTI) of the University of Twente.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kolkman, R.G.M., Steenbergen, W. & van Leeuwen, T.G. In vivo photoacoustic imaging of blood vessels with a pulsed laser diode. Lasers Med Sci 21, 134–139 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-006-0384-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-006-0384-z