Skip to main content
Log in

Agreement between youth-reported and parent-reported psychopathology in a referred sample

  • ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
  • Published:
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

The study examined parent-youth agreement regarding reports on psychopathology among adolescents suffering from psychiatric disorders.

Method

A total of 1,718 patients between the age of 11 and 18, as well as their parents, were assessed using the child behavior checklist (CBCL), and the youth self-report (YSR).

Results

Poor to low agreement between parent- and adolescent-reported problem behavior on the internalizing scale, the total problem scale and moderate agreement concerning the externalizing scale of the CBCL and the YSR were found. Independent from the amount of psychiatric diagnoses, adolescents reported significantly less behavioral problems than their parents. Concerning externalizing problems, parent-youth disagreement was stronger for patients suffering from comorbid psychiatric disorders, than for adolescents displaying only one psychiatric disorder.

Conclusion

In clinically referred children, parents are likely to emphasize the severity of the difficulties, whereas adolescents’ under-report symptoms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Achenbach TM (1995) Diagnosis, assessment, and comorbidity in psychosocial treatment research. J Abnorm Child Psychol 23:45–65

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Achenbach TM (1991a) Integrative guide for the 1991 CBCL/4-18, YSR and TRF profiles. University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry, Burlington

    Google Scholar 

  3. Achenbach TM (1991b) Manual for the child behavior checklist/4–18 and 1991 profile. University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry, Burlington

    Google Scholar 

  4. Achenbach TM (1991c) Manual for the youth self report form and 1991 profile. University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry, Burlington

    Google Scholar 

  5. Achenbach TM, McConaughy SH, Howell CT (1987) Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity. Psychol Bull 101:213–232

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Angold A, Costello EJ, Erkanli A (1999) Comorbidity. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 40:57–87

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Angold A, Weissman MM, John K, Merikangas KR, Prusoff BA, Wickramaratne P, Gammon GD, Warner V (1987) Parent and child reports of depressive symptoms in children at low and high risk of depression. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 28:901–915

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Berg-Nielsen TS, Vika A, Dahl AA (2003) When adolescents disagree with their mothers: CBCL-YSR discrepancies related to maternal depression and adolescent self-esteem. Child Care Health Dev 29:207–213

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Beyers JML, R (2003) Developmental aspects of delinquency and co-occuring aggression and depressed mood in male adolescents. J Abnorm Child Psychol 31:247–266

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Bird HR, Gould MS, Staghezza B (1992) Aggregating data from multiple informants in child psychiatry epidemiological research. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 31:78–85

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bland JM, Altman DG (1986) Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet 1:307–310

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Cantwell DP, Lewinsohn PM, Rohde P, Seeley JR (1997) Correspondence between adolescent report and parent report of psychiatric diagnostic data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:610–619

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chi TC, Hinshaw SP (2002) Mother–child relationships of children with ADHD: the role of maternal depressive symptoms and depression-related distortions. J Abnorm Child Psychol 30:387–400

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Choudhury MS, Pimentel SS, Kendall PC (2003) Childhood anxiety disorders: parent–child (dis)agreement using a structured interview for the DSM-IV. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 42:957–964

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Comer JS, Kendall PC (2004) A symptom-level examination of parent–child agreement in the diagnosis of anxious youths. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 43:878–886

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Crystal DS, Ostrander R, Chen RS, August GJ (2001) Multimethod assessment of psychopathology among DSM-IV subtypes of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: self-, parent, and teacher reports. J Abnorm Child Psychol 29:189–205

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. De Los Reyes A, Kazdin AE (2005) Informant discrepancies in the assessment of childhood psychopathology: a critical review, theoretical framework, and recommendations for further study. Psychol Bull 131:483–509

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Doepfner M, Berner W., Lehmkuhl G (1995) Reliabilität und faktorielle Validität des youth self-reports. Diagnostica 41:221–244

    Google Scholar 

  19. Dopfner M, Schmeck K, Berner W, Lehmkuhl G, Poustka F (1994) Reliability and factorial validity of the child behavior checklist–an analysis of a clinical and field sample]. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr 22:189–205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Edelbrock C, Costello AJ, Dulcan MK, Conover NC, Kala R (1986) Parent–child agreement on child psychiatric symptoms assessed via structured interview. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 27:181–190

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Engel NA, Rodrigue JR, Geffken GR (1994) Parent–child agreement on ratings of anxiety in children. Psychol Rep 75:1251–1260

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Englert E, Poustka F (1995) Das Frankfurter Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrische Dokumentationssystem. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiat 44:158–167

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Ferdinand RF, van der Ende J, Verhulst FC (2004) Parent-adolescent disagreement regarding psychopathology in adolescents from the general population as a risk factor for adverse outcome. J Abnorm Psychol 113:198–206

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Ferdinand RF, van der Ende J, Verhulst FC (2006) Prognostic value of parent-adolescent disagreement in a referred sample. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 15:156–162

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Grills AE, Ollendick TH (2003) Multiple informant agreement and the anxiety disorders interview schedule for parents and children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 42:30–40

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Jensen PS, Rubio-Stipec M, Canino G, Bird HR, Dulcan MK, Schwab-Stone ME, Lahey BB (1999) Parent and child contributions to diagnosis of mental disorder: are both informants always necessary? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38:1569–1579

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kazdin AE, French NH, Unis AS (1983) Child, mother, and father evaluations of depression in psychiatric inpatient children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 11:167–179

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kendall PC, Flannery-Schroeder EC (1998) Methodological issues in treatment research for anxiety disorders in youth. J Abnorm Child Psychol 26:27–38

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Kolko DJ, Kazdin AE (1993) Emotional/behavioral problems in clinic and nonclinic children: correspondence among child, parent and teacher reports. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 34:991–1006

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. MacLeod RJ, McNamee JE, Boyle MH, Offord DR, Friedrich M (1999) Identification of childhood psychiatric disorder by informant: comparisons of clinic and community samples. Can J Psychiatry 44:144–150

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Phares V, Danforth JS (1994) Adolescents’, parents’, and teachers’ distress over adolescents’ behavior. J Abnorm Child Psychol 22:721–732

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ritsher JE, Warner V, Johnson JG, Dohrenwend BP (2001) Inter-generational longitudinal study of social class and depression: a test of social causation and social selection models. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 40:s84–s90

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Schmeck K, Poustka F, Dopfner M, Pluck J, Berner W, Lehmkuhl G, Fegert JM, Lenz K, Huss M, Lehmkuhl U (2001) Discriminant validity of the child behaviour checklist CBCL-4/18 in German samples. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 10:240–247

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Seiffge-Krenke I, Kollmar F (1998) Discrepancies between mothers’ and fathers’ perceptions of sons’ and daughters’ problem behaviour: a longitudinal analysis of parent-adolescent agreement on internalising and externalising problem behaviour. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 39:687–697

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Sourander A, Helstela L, Helenius H (1999) Parent-adolescent agreement on emotional and behavioral problems. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 34:657–663

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Stanger C, Achenbach TM, McConaughy SH (1993) Three-year course of behavioral/emotional problems in a national sample of 4- to 16-year-olds: 3. Predictors of signs of disturbance. J Consult Clin Psychol 61:839–848

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Thurber S, Osborn RA (1993) Comparisons of parent and adolescent perspectives on deviance. J Genet Psychol 154:25–32

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Treutler CM, Epkins CC (2003) Are discrepancies among child, mother, and father reports on children’s behavior related to parents’ psychological symptoms and aspects of parent–child relationships? J Abnorm Child Psychol 31:13–27

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Verhulst FC, Althaus M, Berden GF (1987) The child assessment schedule: parent–child agreement and validity measures. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 28:455–466

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Verhulst FC, van der Ende J (1992) Agreement between parents’ reports and adolescents’ self-reports of problem behavior. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 33:1011–1023

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Weiss B, Susser K, Catron T (1998) Common and specific features of childhood psychopathology. J Abnorm Psychol 107:118–127

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Wilk JE, West JC, Narrow WE, Marcus S, Rubio-Stipec M, Rae DS, Pincus HA, Regier DA (2006) Comorbidity patterns in routine psychiatric practice: is there evidence of underdetection and underdiagnosis? Compr Psychiatry 47:258–264

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Yeh M, Weisz JR (2001) Why are we here at the clinic? Parent–child (dis)agreement on referral problems at outpatient treatment entry. J Consult Clin Psychol 69:1018–1025

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Salbach-Andrae, H., Klinkowski, N., Lenz, K. et al. Agreement between youth-reported and parent-reported psychopathology in a referred sample. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 18, 136–143 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-008-0710-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-008-0710-z

Keywords

Navigation