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Metastasentherapie bei malignem Melanom mit unbekanntem Primärtumor

Treatment of metastases of malignant melanoma with unknown primary tumor

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Zusammenfassung

Das maligne Melanom mit unbekanntem Primärtumor ist immer eine metastasierte Tumorerkrankung. Das klinische Bild zeigt häufig regionäre Tumormanifestationen in Form von kutanen und subkutanen Absiedelungen sowie Lymphknotenfiliae, nicht selten aber auch Organmetastasen in Lunge, Leber, Gehirn, Knochen, Milz und gastrointestinal. Diagnostik und Therapie sind nicht immer unmittelbar zu trennen. Da gehäuft Mehrfachlokalisationen vorkommen, sollte nach Durchführung eines Ganzkörperstagings die individuelle Therapieplanung in einem interdisziplinären Tumorboard erfolgen. Gesicherte regionäre Metastasen in Haut und Weichteilen oder Lymphknotenfiliae in einem Bassin werden als Stadium III klassifiziert und entsprechend behandelt. Ihre Prognose ist vergleichbar oder besser als die bei bekanntem Primarius. Auch nach kurativer Resektion sind erneute Rezidive häufig, welche aber auch oft erneut kurativ reseziert werden können. An palliativen Maßnahmen stehen in Abhängigkeit von Umfang und Lokalisation der Metastasen interventionelle Verfahren, Strahlentherapie, Chemotherapie, neue Kinaseinhibitoren und neue Immuntherapeutika zur Verfügung.

Abstract

Malignant melanoma from unknown primary tumor is always a metastatic tumorous disease. The clinical presentation is often regional tumor manifestations in skin, subcutis, soft tissue or lymph nodes but may also show visceral metastases in lungs, liver, brain, bones, spleen or gastrointestinal manifestations. Diagnosis and treatment cannot always be separated. As multiple sites are frequently involved the individual treatment plan should be devised by an interdisciplinary tumor board after whole body staging. Documented local metastases in skin, soft tissue or lymph nodes are classified as stage III melanoma and treated accordingly. The prognosis has been shown to be equal to or even better than in cases with known primary tumor. Even after curative resection further recurrences are common but can often be re-resected with curative intent. Palliative treatment options, such as interventional procedures, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, novel kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy depend on tumor extent and the sites of the metastases.

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Merkel, S., Göhl, J. & Kämpgen, E. Metastasentherapie bei malignem Melanom mit unbekanntem Primärtumor. Onkologe 19, 52–59 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-012-2327-6

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