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Differences in critical care practice between an industrialized and a developing country

Unterschiede in der intensivmedizinischen Praxis zwischen einem Industrie- und einem Entwicklungsland

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Zusammenfassung

HINTERGRUND: Es stehen nur wenige Daten über die Patientenpopulationen und intensivmedizinischen Behandlungspraktiken in Entwicklungsländern zur Verfügung. METHODIK: In dieser prospektiven Studie wurden Unterschiede in Patientencharakteristika, intensivmedizinischer Praxis und Outcome zwischen einer Intensivstation in einem mongolischen Universitätskrankenhaus mit 400 Betten (MonICU) und einer Intensivstation in einem österreichischen Schwerpunktkrankenhaus mit 429 Betten (AutICU) untersucht. Demographische Daten, Vorerkrankungen, klinische Parameter, Behandlungs- und Erkrankungsschweregradscores sowie die Sterblichkeit wurden bei allen Patienten, die an der MonICU bzw. AutICU aufgenommen wurden, während fünfeinhalb Monaten erfasst. Standardtests und eine multiple Regressionsanalyse wurden zur statistischen Auswertung herangezogen. ERGEBNISSE: Zweihundertdrei kritisch kranke Patienten wurden an der MonICU aufgenommen, 257 an der AutICU. MonICU Patienten wiesen weniger Vorerkrankungen als AutICU Patienten auf (0.9 ± 0.8 vs. 2.7 ± 1.5, p < 0.001), aber litten öfters an Tuberkulose (2.5 vs. 0%, p = 0.01) und waren häufiger vor ihrer Aufnahme auf die Intensivstation nie medizinisch untersucht worden (10.8 vs. 0%, p < 0.001). Die Aufnahmediagnosen unterschieden sich zwischen den beiden Intensivstationen sowohl in Art als auch relativer Häufigkeit (p < 0.001). MonICU Patienten wurden häufiger ungeplant aufgenommen (69 vs. 50.2%, p < 0.001) und waren schwerer erkrankt, erhielten aber weniger therapeutische Interventionen als AutICU Patienten. Die Gesamtsterblichkeit war in der MonICU höher als in der AutICU (19.7 vs. 6.2%, p < 0.001). ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Patientencharakteristika und intensivmedizinische Praktiken unterschieden sich signifikant zwischen den beiden Intensivstationen. Die Sterblichkeit auf der Intensivstation war bei in der MonICU behandelten Patienten deutlich höher, besonders dann wenn die Patienten an einem Multiorgandysfunktionssyndrom litten. Strategien zur Verbesserung der Behandlung von kritisch kranken Patienten in der MonICU sollten sich auf system- und personalbezogene Probleme, eine Erhöhung der Akzeptanz der Intensivmedizin bei Ärzten anderer Disziplinen sowie auf eine verbesserte Ausbildung des Personals der Intensivstation konzentrieren.

Summary

BACKGROUND: Few data are available on intensive care unit (ICU) patient populations and critical care medicine practices in developing countries. METHODS: This prospective study evaluated differences in patient characteristics, ICU practice, and outcome between the ICUs of a Mongolian 400-bed tertiary university hospital (MonICU) and an Austrian 429-bed secondary hospital (AutICU). Demographics, chronic health status, clinical parameters, disease and therapeutic severity scores, and outcome were documented for all patients admitted to the two ICUs during a period of four and a half months. Standard tests and multiple regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 203 critically ill patients were admitted to MonICU and 257 to AutICU. MonICU patients had fewer chronic diseases than AutICU patients (0.9 ± 0.8 vs. 2.7 ± 1.5, P < 0.001) but more frequently suffered from tuberculosis (2.5% vs. 0%, P = 0.01) and more frequently had never been medically examined before ICU admission (10.8% vs. 0%, P < 0.001). Admission diagnoses differed both in type and relative proportions in the two ICUs (P < 0.001). Admission of MonICU patients was more frequently unplanned (69% vs. 50.2%, P < 0.001), and although disease was more severe in these patients they received fewer therapeutic interventions than the AutICU patients. Overall mortality was higher in the MonICU patients (19.7 vs. 6.2%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patient characteristics and ICU practices varied significantly between the two ICUs. Mortality was substantially greater at MonICU, particularly among patients suffering from multiple-organ dysfunction. Strategies to improve the care of critically ill patients at MonICU should address both system- and staff-related problems, improve acceptance of the ICU service among physicians of other disciplines and upgrade the training of ICU staff.

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Correspondence to Martin W. Dünser.

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Dünser, M., Bataar, O., Tsenddorj, G. et al. Differences in critical care practice between an industrialized and a developing country. Wien Klin Wochenschr 120, 600–607 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-008-1064-8

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