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Phantomschmerz

Psychologische Behandlungsstrategien

Phantom limb pain

Psychological treatment strategies

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Zusammenfassung

Wie andere chronische Schmerzsyndrome ist auch der Phantomschmerz durch Lern- und Gedächtnisprozesse gekennzeichnet, die den Schmerz aufrechterhalten und maladaptive plastische Veränderungen des Gehirns verstärken. Deshalb sind auch hier psychologische Interventionen, die maladaptive Gedächtnisspuren verändern, sinnvoll. Neben dem Schmerzbewältigungstraining und Biofeedbackverfahren als traditionelle Ansätze finden neuere Entwicklungen wie sensorisches Diskriminationstraining, Spiegeltherapie, Vorstellungstraining, Prothesentraining oder Training in der virtuellen Realität Anwendung. Diese Verfahren verändern nicht nur den Phantomschmerz, sondern auch die damit einhergehenden plastischen Veränderungen des Gehirns.

Abstract

Similar to other pain syndromes phantom limb pain is characterized by learning and memory processes that maintain the pain and increase maladaptive plastic changes of the brain: therefore, psychological interventions that change maladaptive memory processes are useful. In addition to traditional psychological interventions, such as pain management training and biofeedback, more recent developments that involve sensory discrimination training, mirror treatment, graded motor imagery, prosthesis training and training in virtual reality are interesting. These interventions not only reduce phantom limb pain but also reverse the associated maladaptive brain changes.

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  1. Institut für Neuropsychologie und Klinische Psychologie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland

    M. Diers &  H. Flor

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  1. M. Diers
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  2. H. Flor
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Correspondence to M. Diers or H. Flor.

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Diers, M., Flor, H. Phantomschmerz. Schmerz 27, 205–213 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-012-1290-x

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