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Submarine pyroclastic deposits formed during the 20th May 2006 dome collapse of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat

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Abstract

The 20th May 2006 lava dome collapse of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, had a total non-dense rock equivalent (non-DRE) collapse volume of approximately 115 × 106 m3. The majority of this volume was deposited into the ocean. The collapse was rapid, 85% of the mobilized volume being removed in just 35 min, giving peak pyroclastic flow flux of 66 × 103 m3 s−1. Channel and levee facies on the submarine flanks of the volcano and formation of a thick, steep-sided ridge, suggest that the largest and most dense blocks were transported proximally as a high concentration granular flow. Of the submerged volume, 30% was deposited from the base of this granular flow, forming a linear, high-relief ridge that extends 7 km from shore. The remaining 70% of the submerged volume comprises the finer grain sizes, which were transported at least 40 km by turbidity currents on gradients of <2°. At several localities, the May 2006 distal turbidity currents ran up 200 m of topography and eroded up to 20 cm of underlying substrate. Multiple turbidites are preserved, representing current reflection from the graben margins and deflection around topography. The high energy of the May 2006 collapse resulted in longer submarine run out than the larger (210 × 106 m3) Soufrière Hills dome collapse in July 2003.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Environmental Research Council grants NE/D004020/1, NER/A/S/2002/00963 and NE/F010478/1. The authors would like to thank the captain, crew and scientific team on the RRS James Cook for their invaluable assistance. Carol Pudsey, Peter Morris and Guy Hannaford are thanked for their technical expertise and advice. B Kneller and V Manville are thanked for their insightful reviews.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Oceanography Centre, European Way, SO14 3ZH, Southampton, UK

    J. Trofimovs, L. Porritt, P. J. Talling, M. R. Palmer & T. Le Bas

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

    C. Foster & R. S. J. Sparks

  3. British Geological Survey, Murchison House, Edinburgh, UK

    S. Loughlin & R. Luckett

  4. Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris & CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris Cedex 05, France

    A. Le Friant & C. Deplus

  5. Seismic Research Centre at Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Flemings, Montserrat

    T. Christopher

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  1. J. Trofimovs
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  2. C. Foster
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  3. R. S. J. Sparks
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  4. S. Loughlin
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  5. A. Le Friant
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  6. C. Deplus
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  7. L. Porritt
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  8. T. Christopher
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  9. R. Luckett
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  10. P. J. Talling
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  11. M. R. Palmer
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  12. T. Le Bas
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Correspondence to J. Trofimovs.

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Editorial responsibility: J. McPhie

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Trofimovs, J., Foster, C., Sparks, R.S.J. et al. Submarine pyroclastic deposits formed during the 20th May 2006 dome collapse of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat. Bull Volcanol 74, 391–405 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0533-5

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