Abstract
The use of stable isotopes to infer diet requires quantifying the relationship between diet and tissues and, in particular, knowing of how quickly isotopes turnover in different tissues and how isotopic concentrations of different food components change (discriminate) when incorporated into consumer tissues. We used feeding trials with wild-caught yellow-rumped warblers (Dendroica coronata) to determine δ15N and δ13C turnover rates for blood, δ15N and δ13C diet-tissue discrimination factors, and diet-tissue relationships for blood and feathers. After 3 weeks on a common diet, 36 warblers were assigned to one of four diets differing in the relative proportion of fruit and insects. Plasma half-life estimates ranged from 0.4 to 0.7 days for δ13C and from 0.5 to 1.7 days for δ15N . Half-life did not differ among diets. Whole blood half-life for δ13C ranged from 3.9 to 6.1 days. Yellow-rumped warbler tissues were enriched relative to diet by 1.7–3.6% for nitrogen isotopes and by −1.2 to 4.3% for carbon isotopes, depending on tissue and diet. Consistent with previous studies, feathers were the most enriched and whole blood and plasma were the least enriched or, in the case of carbon, slightly depleted relative to diet. In general, tissues were more enriched relative to diet for birds on diets with high percentages of insects. For all tissues, carbon and nitrogen isotope discrimination factors increased with carbon and nitrogen concentrations of diets. The isotopic signature of plasma increased linearly with the sum of the isotopic signature of the diet and the discrimination factor. Because the isotopic signature of tissues depends on both elemental concentration and isotopic signature of the diet, attempts to reconstruct diet from stable isotope signatures require use of mixing models that incorporate elemental concentration.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Colette DeGarady for assistance with bird capture and care. We thank John Blake and Ed Olson of the USDA Forest Service for their logistical support. The Savannah River Ecology Laboratory provided laboratory equipment and allowed us to use their animal care facility; we are especially grateful to Christopher S. Romanek, Laura Janecek, I. Lehr Brisbin, Jr., and the Birtsch Lab for their assistance. We thank the University of California—Davis Stable Isotope Facility and David Harris for the stable isotope analyses. Financial support was provided by the Department of Energy—SRS-33-CA-99–519 of the Savannah River Natural Resource Management and Research Institute, operated by the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station. Use of wild birds in this research was authorized by the University of Florida IACUC Protocol # Z976 (Scott F. Pearson and Douglas J. Levey), Master Banding Permit #22913 (Scott F. Pearson), US Fish & Wildlife Service Scientific Collecting Permit #MB001980–0 (Scott F. Pearson), and State of South Carolina DNR letter of Authorization, Scientific Collecting (Scott F. Pearson).
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Pearson, S.F., Levey, D.J., Greenberg, C.H. et al. Effects of elemental composition on the incorporation of dietary nitrogen and carbon isotopic signatures in an omnivorous songbird. Oecologia 135, 516–523 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1221-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1221-8