Abstract
Graft implantation is one of the more popular procedures for repairing cartilage defects; however, sacrifices of the donor site have been an issue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a fascinating source for regenerative medicine because they can be harvested in a less invasive manner and are easily isolated and expanded, with multipotentiality including chondrogenesis. MSCs can be isolated from various adult mesenchymal tissues including synovium. Here, we attempted to form cartilage from the composites of synovium-derived MSCs with collagen gel in vitro. After 21 days of culture, the composites had increased their cartilage matrix, as demonstrated by toluidine blue staining and immunohistochemistry for type II collagen. The composites consisting of 5×107 and 108 cells/ml in gel were richer in proteoglycans than those consisting of lower cell densities. After 1 day, MSCs/gel composites contracted and the diameter decreased by 30%; however, they were stable thereafter. Round cells with short processes producing collagen fibrils showing a similar morphology to that of chondrocytes were seen in the composites by transmission electron microscopy. During composite culture, chondroitin sulfate and mRNA expression for cartilage-related genes increased, demonstrating cartilage maturation. Using an optimized method, we obtained cartilage discs with a diameter of 7 mm and a thickness of 500 μm. Our procedure should thus make it possible to produce a large cartilage matrix in vitro. The tissue engineering of autologous cartilage from the composites of synovium-derived MSCs with collagen gel in vitro for transplantation may be a future alternative to graft implantation for patients with cartilage defects.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Kenichi Shinomiya for supporting our studies, Yusuke Sakaguchi for help with the characterization of MSCs, Hideya Yoshimura for help with real-time PCR, Izumi Nakagawa for excellent technical assistance, Miyoko Ojima for expert help with histology, and Kelly Johanson for proofreading. Recombinant human BMP2 was from the Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Company.
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This study is supported in part by grants from the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (16591478), the Japanese Orthopaedics and Traumatology Foundation, and the Nakatomi Foundation to I.S., and the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (16591477), the Japanese Sports Medicine Foundation, the Japanese Latest Osteoarthritis Society, and the Center of Excellence Program for Frontier Research on Molecular Destruction and Reconstruction of Tooth and Bone in Tokyo Medical and Dental University to T.M.
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Yokoyama, A., Sekiya, I., Miyazaki, K. et al. In vitro cartilage formation of composites of synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells with collagen gel. Cell Tissue Res 322, 289–298 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-005-0010-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-005-0010-6