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Genome-wide association study of subtype-specific epithelial ovarian cancer risk alleles using pooled DNA

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Abstract

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous cancer with both genetic and environmental risk factors. Variants influencing the risk of developing the less-common EOC subtypes have not been fully investigated. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of EOC according to subtype by pooling genomic DNA from 545 cases and 398 controls of European descent, and testing for allelic associations. We evaluated for replication 188 variants from the GWAS [56 variants for mucinous, 55 for endometrioid and clear cell, 53 for low-malignant potential (LMP) serous, and 24 for invasive serous EOC], selected using pre-defined criteria. Genotypes from 13,188 cases and 23,164 controls of European descent were used to perform unconditional logistic regression under the log-additive genetic model; odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals are reported. Nine variants tagging six loci were associated with subtype-specific EOC risk at P < 0.05, and had an OR that agreed in direction of effect with the GWAS results. Several of these variants are in or near genes with a biological rationale for conferring EOC risk, including ZFP36L1 and RAD51B for mucinous EOC (rs17106154, OR = 1.17, P = 0.029, n = 1,483 cases), GRB10 for endometrioid and clear cell EOC (rs2190503, P = 0.014, n = 2,903 cases), and C22orf26/BPIL2 for LMP serous EOC (rs9609538, OR = 0.86, P = 0.0043, n = 892 cases). In analyses that included the 75 GWAS samples, the association between rs9609538 (OR = 0.84, P = 0.0007) and LMP serous EOC risk remained statistically significant at P < 0.0012 adjusted for multiple testing. Replication in additional samples will be important to verify these results for the less-common EOC subtypes.

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Acknowledgments

Named individuals: This study would not have been possible without the contributions of the following: P. Hall (COGS); A. M. Dunning and A. Lee (Cambridge); J. Benitez, A. Gonzalez-Neira and the staff of the CNIO genotyping unit; D. C. Tessier, F. Bacot, D. Vincent, S. LaBoissière and F. Robidoux and the staff of the Genome Quebec genotyping unit; S. E. Bojesen, S. F. Nielsen, B. G. Nordestgaard, and the staff of the Copenhagen DNA laboratory; and J.M. Cunningham, S. A. Windebank, C. A. Hilker, J. Meyer and the staff of Mayo Clinic Genotyping Core Facility. We thank all the individuals who took part in this study and all the researchers, clinicians and technical and administrative staff who have made possible the many studies contributing to this work. In particular, we thank: D. Bowtell, A. deFazio, D. Gertig, A. Green, P. Parsons, N. Hayward, P. Webb, and D. Whiteman (AUS); G. Peuteman, T. Van Brussel, and D. Smeets (BEL); U. Eilber (GER); L. Gacucova (HMO); P. Schürmann, F. Kramer, W. Zheng, T.W. Park-Simon, K. Beer-Grondke, and D. Schmidt (HJO); J. Vollenweider (MAY); the MD Anderson Center for Translational and Public Health Genomics (MDA); the state cancer registries of AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, ID, IL, IN, IA, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, NE, NH, NJ, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, WA, and WY (NHS); L. Paddock, M. King, L. Rodriguez–Rodriguez, A. Samoila, and Y. Bensman (NJO); M. Sherman, A. Hutchinson, N. Szeszenia-Dabrowska, B. Peplonska, W. Zatonski, A. Soni, P. Chao, and M. Stagner (POL); C. Luccarini, P. Harrington, the SEARCH team and ECRIC (SEA); the Scottish Gynaecological Clinical Trails group and SCOTROC1 investigators (SRO); I. Jacobs, M. Widschwendter, E. Wozniak, N. Balogun, A. Ryan, and J. Ford (UKO); and Carole Pye (UKR).

Higher level funding: The COGS project is funded through a European Commission’s Seventh Framework Programme grant (agreement number 223175—HEALTH-F2-2009-223175). The Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium is supported by a grant from the Ovarian Cancer Research Fund thanks to donations by the family and friends of Kathryn Sladek Smith (PPD/RPCI.07). The scientific development and funding for this project were in part supported by the US National Cancer Institute GAME-ON Post-GWAS Initiative (U19-CA148112).

Investigator support: L.E.K. is supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Investigator award (MSH-87734). G.C.-T. is supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council. B.Y. K. holds an American Cancer Society Early Detection Professorship (SIOP-06-258-01-COUN). F.M. is supported by a K-award from the National Cancer Institute (K07-CA080668). W.S. is supported by a K-award from the National Cancer Institute (K07-CA143047). D.F.E. is a Principal Research Fellow of Cancer Research UK.

Funding of constituent studies: This project was funded through grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP-86727, MOP-84340); WorkSafeBC 14, and OvCaRe: BC’s Ovarian Cancer Research Team. Funding of the constituent studies was provided by the American Cancer Society (CRTG-00-196-01-CCE); the California Cancer Research Program (00-01389 V-20170, N01-CN25403, 2II0200); Cancer Council Victoria; Cancer Council Queensland; Cancer Council New South Wales; Cancer Council South Australia; Cancer Council Tasmania; Cancer Foundation of Western Australia; the Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Cancer Research UK (C490/A6187, C490/A10119, C490/A10124, C536/A13086, C536/A6689); the Celma Mastry Ovarian Cancer Foundation; the Danish Cancer Society (94-222-52); the ELAN Program of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; the Eve Appeal (Oak Foundation); the Fred C. and Katherine B. Andersen Foundation; the German Cancer Research Center; the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany, Program of Clinical Biomedical Research (01 GB 9401); the Helsinki University Central Hospital Research Fund; Helse Vest; Imperial Experimental Cancer Research Centre (C1312/A15589); the L & S Milken Foundation; the Lon V. Smith Foundation (LVS-39420); the Mayo Foundation; the Mermaid I project; the Minnesota Ovarian Cancer Alliance; the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (199600, 209057, 251533, 396414, 400281, and 504715); Nationaal Kankerplan of Belgium; the Norwegian Cancer Society; the Norwegian Research Council; the OHSU Foundation; the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (4 PO5C 028 14, 2 PO5A 068 27); Pomeranian Medical University; Radboud University Medical Center; the Roswell Park Cancer Institute Alliance Foundation; the Royal Marsden Hospital; the Rudolf-Bartling Foundation; the Sigrid Juselius Foundation; the state of Baden-Württemberg through Medical Faculty of the University of Ulm (P.685); the UK National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres at the University of Cambridge and the University College London Hospitals; the US Army Medical Research and Material Command (DAMD17-98-1-8659, DAMD17-01-1-0729, DAMD17-02-1-0666, DAMD17-02-1-0669, W81XWH-10-1-0280); the Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Research Program (W81XWH-07-1-0449); the US National Cancer Institute (K07-CA095666, K22-CA138563, N01-CN55424, N01-PC067010, N01-PC035137, P01-CA017054, P01-CA087696, P30-CA15083, P50-CA105009, P50-CA136393, R01-CA014089, R01-CA016056, R01-CA017054, R01-CA049449, R01-CA050385, R01-CA054419, R01-CA058598, R01-CA058860, R01-CA061107, R01-CA061132, R01-CA063678, R01-CA063682, R01-CA064277, R01-CA067262, R01-CA071766, R01-CA074850, R01-CA076016, R01-CA080742, R01-CA080978, R01-CA083918, R01-CA087538, R01-CA092044, R01-095023, R01-CA106414, R01-CA122443, R01-CA112523, R01-CA114343, R01-CA126841, R01-CA136924, R01-CA149429, R03-CA113148, R03-CA115195, R37-CA070867, R37-CA70867, U01-CA069417, U01-CA071966 and Intramural research funds); the US National Institutes of Health/National Center for Research Resources/General Clinical Research Center (MO1-RR000056); and the US Public Health Service (PSA-042205).

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Earp, M.A., Kelemen, L.E., Magliocco, A.M. et al. Genome-wide association study of subtype-specific epithelial ovarian cancer risk alleles using pooled DNA. Hum Genet 133, 481–497 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-013-1383-3

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