Abstract
To clarify the genetic relationships between Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini, patterns of inter-/intraspecific polymorphism were compared for four markers with nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in liver flukes C. sinensis from Korea (Kimhae) and China (Shenyang and Nanning) and O. viverrini from Laos (Savannakhet). Intra- and interspecific variations in the 18S, ITS2, and 28S rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) of mtDNA gene sequences were low and nearly identical. Three isolates of C. sinensis showed a high similarity (99–100%). No variation was detectable in the ITS2 sequence for the C. sinensis from Korea and China. ITS2 region sequences of O. viverrini vs C. sinensis showed 95% identity and differed at 28 nucleotide positions. Pairwise sequence divergence with three C. sinensis isolates and O. viverrini ranged from 0 to 3.94% in mtCOI gene. The mtCOI sequences were more highly conserved relative to the ITS2 sequences. These genetic data from different geographical areas showed that the liver flukes are not variable and are virtually identical almost despite belonging to entirely different genera.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agatsuma T, Arakawa Y, Iwagami M, Honzako Y, Cahyaningsih U, Kang SY, Hong SJ (2000) Molecular evidence of natural hybridization between Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Parasitol Int 49:231–238
Barker SC, Blair D (1996) Molecular phylogeny of Schistosoma species supports traditional groupings within the genus. J Parasitol 82:292–298
Barker SC, Blair D, Garrett AR, Cribb TH (1993) Utility of the D1 domain of nuclear 28S rRNA for phylogenetic inference in the Digenea. Syst Parasitol 26:181–188
Blair D, Agatsuma T (1997) Molecular evidence for the synonymy of three species of Paragonimus, P. ohirai Miyazaki, 1939, P. iloktsuenensis Chen, 1940 and P. sadoensis Miyazaki. J Helminthol 71:305–310
Blair D, Barker SC (1993) Affinities of the Gyliauchenidae: utility of the 18S rRNA gene for phylogenetic inference in the Digenea (Platyhelminthes). Int J Parasitol 23:527–532
Blair D, Agatsuma TR, Watanabe T, Okamoto M, Ito A (1997) Geographical genetic structure within the human lung fluke, Paragonimus westermani, detected from DNA sequences. Parasitology 115:411–417
Bowles J, McManus DP (1994) Genetic characterization of the Asian Taenia, a newly described taeniid cestode of humans. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50:33–44
Bowles J, Hope M, Tiu WC, Liu XS, McManus DP (1993) Nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers highly conserved between Chinese and Philippine Schistosoma japonica. Acta Trop 55:217–229
Bowles J, Blair D, McManus DP (1995) A molecular phylogeny of the human Schistosomes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 4:103–109
Choi DW (1984) Clonorchis sinensis: life cycle, intermediate hosts, transmission to man and geographical distribution in Korea. Arzneimittelforschung 34:1145–1151
Dawes B (1946) The trematode, with special reference to British and other European forms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 250
Després L, Imbert-Establet M, Combes C, Bonhomme F (1992) Molecular evidence linking hominid evolution to recent radiation of Schistosomes (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda). Mol Phylogenet Evol 1:295–304
Fernandez M, Littlewood DT, Latorre A, Raga JA, Rollinson D (1998) Phylogenetic relationships of the family Campulidae (Trematoda) based on 18S rRNA sequences. Parasitology 117:383–391
Hashimoto K, Watanabe T, Liu CX, Init I, Blair D, Ohnishi T, Agatsuma T (1997) Mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA indicate that the Japanese Fasciola species is F. gigantica. Parasitol Res 83:220–225
Hillis DM, Dixon MT (1991) Ribosomal DNA: molecular evolution and phylogenetic inference. Q Rev Biol 66:411–453
Iwagami M, Ho LY, Su K, Lai PF, Fukushima M, Nakano M, Blair D, Kawashima K, Agasuma T (2000) Molecular phylogeographic studies on Paragonimus westermani in Asia. J Helminthol 74:315–322
Johnston DA, Kane RA, Rollinson D (1993) Small subunit (18S) ribosomal RNA gene divergence in the genus Schistosoma. Parasitology 107:147–156
Kumar S, Tamura K, Jakobsen IB, Nei M (2001) MEGA2: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
Morgan JAT, Blair D (1995) Nuclear rDNA ITS sequence variation in the trematode genus Echinostoma: an aid to establishing relationships within the 37-collar-spine group. Parasitology 111:609–615
Morgan JAT, Blair D (1998) Relative merits of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers and mitochondrial COI and ND1 genes for distinguishing among Echinostoma species (Trematoda). Parasitology 116:289–297
Park GM, Yong TS, Im KI, Lee KJ (2000a) Isozyme electrophoresis patterns of the liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis from Kimhae, Korea and from Shenyang, China. Korean J Parasitol 38:45–48
Park GM, Im KI, Huh S, Yong TS (2000b) Chromosomes of the liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis. Korean J Parasitol 38:201–206
Raué HA, Musters W, Rutgers CA, Vant’t Riet J, Planta RJ (1990) rRNA: from structure to function. In: Hill WE, Dahlberg A, Garrett RA, Moore PB, Schlessinger D, Warner JR (ed) The ribosome: structure, function and evolution. American Society of Microbiology, Washington, DC, pp 217–235
Rim HJ (1990) Clonorchiasis in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 28:63–78 (Suppl)
Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989) Molecular cloning—a laboratory manual, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
Swofford DL, Olsen GJ, Waddell PJ, Hillis DM (1996) Phylogenetic inferrence. In: Hillis DM, Moritz C, Mable BK (eds) Molecular systematics. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA, pp 407–514
Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG (1997) The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876–4882
Watana P (1996) Cholangiocarcinoma in patients with opisthorchiasis. Br J Surg 83:1062–1064
Wheeler WC, Honeycutt RL (1988) Paired sequence difference in ribosomal RNAs: evolutionary and phylogenetic implications. Mol Biol Evol 51:90–96
Wongratanacheewin S, Pumidonming W, Sermswan RW, Maleewong W (2001) Development of a PCR-based method for the detection of Opisthorchis viverrini in experimentally infected hamsters. Parasitology 122:175–180
Zou H, Peng Y, Cai W, Lu S (1994) Studies on Clonorchis sinensis control in Sanshui City, Guangdong province. Chin J Parasitol Parasitic Dis 12:294–296
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by Kwandong University Research Fund 2002.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Park, GM. Genetic comparison of liver flukes, Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini, based on rDNA and mtDNA gene sequences. Parasitol Res 100, 351–357 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-006-0269-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-006-0269-x