Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Exploring the role of prolactin in psoriasis

  • News & Views
  • Published:
Archives of Dermatological Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Prolactin (PRL) is well recognised for its role(s) in mammary gland development and function. Moreover, its role in skin biology, including the potent regulation of human hair growth, is becoming clearer. Less widely appreciated, however, is the potential role of PRL in the pathobiology of psoriasis. While the relationship between PRL and psoriasis remains enigmatic, several recent publications on the PRL–psoriasis connection have demonstrated a reawakening of interest in this conundrum. We take the occasion of these reports to underscore the importance of dissecting the role(s) of PRL in the aetiopathology of psoriasis, not least since this may help to identify novel hormonal treatment strategies in its management.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Al’Abadie MS, Kent GG, Gawkrodger DJ (1994) The relationship between stress and the onset and exacerbation of psoriasis and other skin conditions. Br J Dermatol 130(2):199–203

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Angioni AR, Lania A, Cattaneo A, Beck-Peccoz P, Spada A (2005) Effects of chronic retinoid administration on pituitary function. J Endocrinol Invest 28(11):961–964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Arnetz BB, Fjellner B, Eneroth P, Kallner A (1985) Stress and psoriasis: psychoendocrine and metabolic reactions in psoriatic patients during standardized stressor exposure. Psychosom Med 47(6):528–541

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ben-Jonathan N, Mershon JL, Allen DL, Steinmetz RW (1996) Extrapituitary prolactin: distribution, regulation, functions, and clinical aspects. Endocr Rev 17(6):639–669

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bernton E, Bryant H, Holaday J, Dave J (1992) Prolactin and prolactin secretagogues reverse immunosuppression in mice treated with cysteamine, glucocorticoids, or cyclosporin-A. Brain Behav Immun 6(4):394–408

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Biswas R, Roy T, Chattopadhyay U (2006) Prolactin induced reversal of glucocorticoid mediated apoptosis of immature cortical thymocytes is abrogated by induction of tumor. J Neuroimmunol 171(1–2):120–134

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Chikanza IC (1999) Prolactin and neuroimmunomodulation: in vitro and in vivo observations. Ann N Y Acad Sci 876:119–130

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. De Bellis A, Bizzarro A, Pivonello R, Lombardi G, Bellastella A (2005) Prolactin and autoimmunity. Pituitary 8(1):25–30

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Dilme-Carreras E, Martin-Ezquerra G, Sanchez-Regana M, Umbert-Millet P (2011) Serum prolactin levels in psoriasis and correlation with cutaneous disease activity. Clin Exp Dermatol 36(1):29–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. El-Khateeb EA, Zuel-Fakkar NM, Eid SM, Abdul-Wahab SE (2011) Prolactin level is significantly elevated in lesional skin of patients with psoriasis. Int J Dermatol 50(6):693–696

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Evers AW, Verhoeven EW, Kraaimaat FW, De Jong EM, De Brouwer SJ, Schalkwijk J, Sweep FC, Van De Kerkhof PC (2010) How stress gets under the skin: cortisol and stress reactivity in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 163(5):986–991

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Fitch E, Harper E, Skorcheva I, Kurtz SE, Blauvelt A (2007) Pathophysiology of psoriasis: recent advances on IL-23 and Th17 cytokines. Curr Rheumatol Rep 9(6):461–467

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Foitzik K, Krause K, Conrad F, Nakamura M, Funk W, Paus R (2006) Human scalp hair follicles are both a target and a source of prolactin, which serves as an autocrine and/or paracrine promoter of apoptosis-driven hair follicle regression. Am J Pathol 168(3):748–756

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Fomicheva EE, Nemirovich-Danchenko EA, Korneva EA (2004) Immunoprotective effects of prolactin during stress-induced immune dysfunction. Bull Exp Biol Med 137(6):544–547

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Fortune DG, Richards HL, Kirby B, McElhone K, Markham T, Rogers S, Main CJ, Griffiths CE (2003) Psychological distress impairs clearance of psoriasis in patients treated with photochemotherapy. Arch Dermatol 139(6):752–756

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Freeman ME, Kanyicska B, Lerant A, Nagy G (2000) Prolactin: structure, function, and regulation of secretion. Physiol Rev 80(4):1523–1631

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Giasuddin AS, El-Sherif AI, El-Ojali SI (1998) Prolactin: does it have a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis? Dermatology 197(2):119–122

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Goffin V, Binart N, Touraine P, Kelly PA (2002) Prolactin: the new biology of an old hormone. Annu Rev Physiol 64:47–67

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Guilhou JJ, Guilhou E (1982) Bromocriptine treatment of psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res 273(1–2):159–160

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Holt RI (2008) Medical causes and consequences of hyperprolactinaemia. A context for psychiatrists. J Psychopharmacol 22(2 Suppl):28–37

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kanda N, Shibata S, Tada Y, Nashiro K, Tamaki K, Watanabe S (2009) Prolactin enhances basal and IL-17-induced CCL20 production by human keratinocytes. Eur J Immunol 39(4):996–1006

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Kanda N, Watanabe S (2007) Prolactin enhances interferon-gamma-induced production of CXC ligand 9 (CXCL9), CXCL10, and CXCL11 in human keratinocytes. Endocrinology 148(5):2317–2325

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kimball AB, Szapary P, Mrowietz U, Reich K, Langley RG, You Y, Hsu MC, Yeilding N, Rader DJ, Mehta NN (2011) Underdiagnosis and undertreatment of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2011.06.035

    Google Scholar 

  24. Komossa K, Rummel-Kluge C, Hunger H, Schmid F, Schwarz S, Duggan L, Kissling W, Leucht S (2010) Olanzapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD006654. doi:10.1002/14651858

  25. Kotrulja L, Tadinac M, Joki-Begi NA, Gregurek R (2010) A multivariate analysis of clinical severity, psychological distress and psychopathological traits in psoriatic patients. Acta Derm Venereol 90(3):251–256

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Langan EA, Foitzik-Lau K, Goffin V, Ramot Y, Paus R (2010) Prolactin: an emerging force along the cutaneous-endocrine axis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 21(9):569–577

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Langan EA, Ramot Y, Goffin V, Griffiths CE, Foitzik K, Paus R (2010) Mind the (gender) gap: does prolactin exert gender and/or site-specific effects on the human hair follicle? J Invest Dermatol 130(3):886–891

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Langan EA, Ramot Y, Hanning A, Poeggeler B, Biro T, Gaspar E, Funk W, Griffiths CE, Paus R (2010) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and oestrogen differentially regulate prolactin and prolactin receptor expression in female human skin and hair follicles in vitro. Br J Dermatol 162(5):1127–1131

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Lennartsson AK, Jonsdottir IH (2011) Prolactin in response to acute psychosocial stress in healthy men and women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 36(10):1530–1539

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Lu Z, Hasse S, Bodo E, Rose C, Funk W, Paus R (2007) Towards the development of a simplified long-term organ culture method for human scalp skin and its appendages under serum-free conditions. Exp Dermatol 16(1):37–44

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Mackin P, Waton A, Nulkar A, Watkinson HM (2011) Prolactin and smoking status in antipsychotic-treated patients. J Psychopharmacol 25 (5):698–703

    Google Scholar 

  32. Malligarjunan H, Gnanaraj P, Subramanian S, Elango T, Dayalan H (2011) Clinical efficacy of propylthiouracil and its influence on prolactin in psoriatic patients. Clin Biochem 44(14–15):1209–1213

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Mukherjee A, Helbert M, Ryder WD, Borrow R, Davis JR, Shalet SM (2009) Failure of antibody response to polysaccharide antigen in treated panhypopituitary adults. Clin Exp Immunol 156(2):271–277

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Nagy E, Berczi I (1991) Hypophysectomized rats depend on residual prolactin for survival. Endocrinology 128(6):2776–2784

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Paus R (1991) Does prolactin play a role in skin biology and pathology? Med Hypotheses 36(1):33–42

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Pellegrini I, Lebrun JJ, Ali S, Kelly PA (1992) Expression of prolactin and its receptor in human lymphoid cells. Mol Endocrinol 6(7):1023–1031

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Ramot Y, Biro T, Tiede S, Toth BI, Langan EA, Sugawara K, Foitzik K, Ingber A, Goffin V, Langbein L, Paus R (2010) Prolactin—a novel neuroendocrine regulator of human keratin expression in situ. Faseb J 24(6):1768–1779

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Richards HL, Ray DW, Kirby B, Mason D, Plant D, Main CJ, Fortune DG, Griffiths CE (2005) Response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to psychological stress in patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 153(6):1114–1120

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Slominski A, Malarkey WB, Wortsman J, Asa SL, Carlson A (2000) Human skin expresses growth hormone but not the prolactin gene. J Lab Clin Med 136(6):476–481

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Sobrinho LG (2003) Prolactin, psychological stress and environment in humans: adaptation and maladaptation. Pituitary 6(1):35–39

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Stevens A, Ray DW, Worthington J, Davis JR (2001) Polymorphisms of the human prolactin gene—implications for production of lymphocyte prolactin and systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 10(10):676–683

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Tomei F, Ciarrocca M, Cherubini E, Rosati MV, Monti C, Capozzella A, Tomei G (2006) Prolactin levels in workers exposed to chemical, physical and psycho-social urban stressors. J Occup Health 48(4):253–260

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Walker AM, Robertson MT, Jones CJ (1989) Distribution of a prolactin-like material in human eccrine sweat glands. J Invest Dermatol 93(1):50–53

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Weber G, Frey H (1986) Treatment of psoriasis arthropathica with bromocriptine. Z Hautkr 61(20):1456–1466

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Weber G, Neidhardt M, Frey H, Galle K, Geiger A (1981) Treatment of psoriasis with bromocriptin. Arch Dermatol Res 271(4):437–439

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Webster Marketon JI, Glaser R (2008) Stress hormones and immune function. Cell Immunol 252(1–2):16–26

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Zouboulis CC (2004) The human skin as a hormone target and an endocrine gland. Hormones (Athens) 3(1):9–26

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Ewan A Langan is supported by a Medical Research Council Clinical Research Training Fellowship.

Conflict of interest

Christopher EM Griffiths is a paid advisor and/or in receipt of honoraria from Abbott, Almirall, Biogen-IDEC, Eli Lilly, Incyte, Janssen, Leo Pharma and Pfizer all of whom are manufacturers of psoriasis therapies. Other authors have no conflicts of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ewan A. Langan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Langan, E.A., Griffiths, C.E.M. & Paus, R. Exploring the role of prolactin in psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res 304, 115–118 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-012-1208-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-012-1208-6

Keywords

Navigation