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The IL-1RN and IL-4 gene polymorphisms are potential genetic markers of susceptibility to bladder cancer: a case–control study

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Abstract

Purpose

We investigated the relationship between the distribution of the IL-1RN, TNF-β and IL-4 polymorphism and the clinical features of bladder cancer.

Materials and methods

A total of 100 patients with bladder carcinoma and 102 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. The IL-1RN, IL-4 and TNF-β gene polymorphisms were identified by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism-based analysis. Allelic frequencies were compared between patient and the controls. Tumor stage, histopathological grade, tumor size/number and smoking condition were evaluated with IL-1RN, IL-4 and TNF-β gene polymorphisms.

Results

Allele distribution frequencies of IL-1RN and IL-4 gene polymorphisms were significantly different between patients and control groups. However, allele distribution of TNF-β gene was not statistically significant. There was no difference in allele distribution of the three genes in both groups regarding stage, tumor size, number of tumors and smoking condition. Although allele distribution of IL-4 gene showed significant difference considering histopathological grades in both smoking and total patients group, allele distribution of IL-1RN and TNF-β was not different.

Conclusion

The present research suggests that the IL-1RN and IL-4 gene polymorphisms are potential genetic markers of susceptibility to bladder cancer. In the future, clinical improvements on diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of bladder carcinoma are expected owing to development of more sensitive and specific tests for genetic polymorphisms of cytokines that are effective on inflammation.

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Conflict of interest

None.

Ethical standard

All of the participants were requested to sign the written informed consent form for the protocol of the present study. The Ethics Committee of our faculty approved the study protocol.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey

    S. T. Bozdoğan

  2. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey

    B. Erol

  3. Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey

    A. Dursun

  4. Department of Urology, Forum Yasam Hospital, Mersin, Turkey

    G. Bozdoğan

  5. Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey

    I. Dönmez & N. A. Mungan

  6. Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey

    G. Seydaoglu

Authors
  1. S. T. Bozdoğan
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  2. B. Erol
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  3. A. Dursun
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  4. G. Bozdoğan
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  6. N. A. Mungan
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  7. G. Seydaoglu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to B. Erol.

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Bozdoğan, S.T., Erol, B., Dursun, A. et al. The IL-1RN and IL-4 gene polymorphisms are potential genetic markers of susceptibility to bladder cancer: a case–control study. World J Urol 33, 389–395 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-014-1323-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-014-1323-4

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