Abstract
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the specific absorption rate (SAR) reduction in a muscle cube by using metamaterial. To evaluate the SAR in a realistic anatomically based model of the muscle cube, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been utilized. The effective medium parameter is obtained to be negative at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz band by designing structural parameter of split ring resonators. The reduction is about 44.73% for 900 MHz, and about 48.27% for 1800 MHz was observed in this paper.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee of the International Radiation Protection Association, Guidelines on limits on exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields in the frequency range from 100 KHz to 300 GHz. Health Physics 54(1), 115–123 (1988)
M.T. Islam, M.R.I. Faruque, N. Misran, Design analysis of ferrite sheet attachment for SAR reduction in human head. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 98, 191–205 (2009)
S.I. Kwak, D.U. Sim, J.H. Kwon, H.D. Choi, Experimental tests of SAR reduction on mobile using EBG structures. Electron. Lett. 44(9), 568–570 (2008)
J.N. Hawang, F.-C. Chen, Reduction of the peak SAR in the human head with metamaterials. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 54(12), 3763–3770 (2006)
J. Wang, O. Fujiwara, FDTD computation of temperature rise in the human head for portable telephones. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 47(8), 1528–1534 (1999)
M.M. Sigalalas, C.T. Chan, K.M. Ho, Soukoulis, Metallic photonic band gap materials. Phys. Rev. B 52(16), 11744–11760 (2001)
D.R. Smith, N. Kroll, Negative refractive index in left handed materials. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85-14, 2933–2936 (2000)
M.B. Manapati, R.S. Kshetrimayum, SAR reduction in human head from mobile phone radiation using single negative metamaterials. J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. 23, 1385–1395 (2009)
B.B. Beard, W. Kainz, T. Onishi, T. Iyama, S. Watanabe, O. Fujiwara, J. Wang, G. Bit-Babik, A. Faraone, J. Wiart, A. Christ, N. Kuster, A. Lee, H. Kroeze, M. Siegbahn, J. Keshvari, H. Abrishamkar, W. Simon, D. Manteuffel, N. Nikoloski, Comparisons of computed mobile phone induced SAR in the SAM phantom to that anatomically corrects model of the human head. IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 48(2), 397–407 (2006)
J.B. Pendry, J.A. Holen, D.J. Robbins, W.J. Stewart, Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 47(11), 2075–2084 (1999)
N. Engheta, R.W. Ziolkowski, A positive future for double-negative metamaterials. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 53(4), 1535–1556 (2005)
D. Correia, J.M. Jin, 3-D-FDTD-PML analysis of left-handed metamaterials. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 40(3), 201–205 (2004)
R.W. Ziolkowski, Design, fabrication, and testing of double negative metamaterials. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 51(7), 1516–1529 (2003)
A. Erentok, P.L. Luljak, R.W. Ziolkowski, Characterization of a volumetric metamaterial realization of an artificial magnetic conductor for antenna applications. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 53, 160–172 (2005)
D. Sievenpiper, High-impedance electromagnetic surfaces with a forbidden frequency band. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 47, 2059–2074 (1999)
M.T. Islam, M.R.I. Faruque, N. Misran, Reduction of specific absorption rate (SAR) in the human head with ferrite material and metamaterial. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 9, 47–58 (2009)
M.R.I. Faruque, M.T. Islam, N. Misran, Evaluation of specific absorption rate (SAR) reduction for PIFA antenna using metamaterials. Freq. J. 64(7/8), 144–149 (2010)
D.R. Smith, W.J. Padilla, D.C. Vier, S.C. Nemat-Nasser, S. Schultz, Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(18), 4184–4187 (2000)
M. Bayindir, K. Aydin, E. Ozbay, Transmission properties of composite metamaterials in free space. Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(1), 120–122 (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Islam, M.T., Faruque, M.R.I. & Misran, N. SAR reduction in a muscle cube with metamaterial attachment. Appl. Phys. A 103, 367–372 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-011-6342-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-011-6342-z