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Interaction with mycorrhiza helper bacterium Streptomyces sp. AcH 505 modifies organisation of actin cytoskeleton in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Amanita muscaria (fly agaric)

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Abstract

The actin cytoskeleton (AC) of fungal hyphae is a major determinant of hyphal shape and morphogenesis, implicated in controlling tip structure and secretory vesicle delivery. Hyphal growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Amanita muscaria and symbiosis formation with spruce are promoted by the mycorrhiza helper bacterium Streptomyces sp. AcH 505 (AcH 505). To investigate structural requirements of growth promotion, the effect of AcH 505 on A. muscaria hyphal morphology, AC and actin gene expression were studied. Hyphal diameter and mycelial density decreased during dual culture (DC), and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the dense and polarised actin cap in hyphal tips of axenic A. muscaria changes to a loosened and dispersed structure in DC. Supplementation of growth medium with cell-free bacterial supernatant confirmed that reduction in hyphal diameter and AC changes occurred at the same stage of growth. Transcript levels of both actin genes isolated from A. muscaria remained unaltered, indicating that AC changes are regulated by reorganisation of the existing actin pool. In conclusion, the AC reorganisation appears to result in altered hyphal morphology and faster apical extension. The thus improved spreading of hyphae and increased probability to encounter plant roots highlights a mechanism behind the mycorrhiza helper effect.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Natalia Requena for helpful discussions. The study was supported by the Strukturfonds of the University of Tübingen (M.T.) and the German Research Foundation (D.F.G.; graduate school ‘Infection Biology’; S.D.S.) and by a grant of the Alfred-and-Maria-Teufel-Stiftung, Tuttlingen, Germany (S.D.S) and to MR from the Academy of Finland.

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  1. Mika T. Tarkka

    Present address: Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany, Physiological Ecology of Plants, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany

    Silvia D. Schrey, Rüdiger Hampp, Uwe Nehls & Mika T. Tarkka

  2. Plant Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Vanamo Salo

  3. Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland

    Marjatta Raudaskoski

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  1. Silvia D. Schrey
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Correspondence to Silvia D. Schrey.

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Communicated by U. Kües.

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Schrey, S.D., Salo, V., Raudaskoski, M. et al. Interaction with mycorrhiza helper bacterium Streptomyces sp. AcH 505 modifies organisation of actin cytoskeleton in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Amanita muscaria (fly agaric). Curr Genet 52, 77–85 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-007-0138-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-007-0138-x

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