Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

The design and implementation of the immune epitope database and analysis resource

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Immunogenetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Epitopes are defined as parts of antigens interacting with receptors of the immune system. Knowledge about their intrinsic structure and how they affect the immune response is required to continue development of techniques that detect, monitor, and fight diseases. Their scientific importance is reflected in the vast amount of epitope-related information gathered, ranging from interactions between epitopes and major histocompatibility complex molecules determined by X-ray crystallography to clinical studies analyzing correlates of protection for epitope based vaccines. Our goal is to provide a central resource capable of capturing this information, allowing users to access and connect realms of knowledge that are currently separated and difficult to access. Here, we portray a new initiative, “The Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource.” We describe how we plan to capture, structure, and store this information, what query interfaces we will make available to the public, and what additional predictive and analytical tools we will provide.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aalberse RC, Platts-Mills TA (2004) How do we avoid developing allergy: modifications of the TH2 response from a B-cell perspective. J Allergy Clin Immunol 113:983–986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aguilar A, Carrazana Y, Duarte CA (2001) Impact of epitope permutations in the antibody response of mice to a multi-epitope polypeptide of the V3 loop of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Biomol Eng 18:117–124

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander J, Del Guercio MF, Fikes JD, Chesnut RW, Chisari FV, Chang KM, Appella E, Sette A (1998) Recognition of a novel naturally processed, A2 restricted, HCV-NS4 epitope triggers IFN-gamma release in absence of detectable cytopathicity. Hum Immunol 59:776–782

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Atassi MZ, Dolimbek BZ, Hayakari M, Middlebrook JL, Whitney B, Oshima M (1996) Mapping of the antibody-binding regions on botulinum neurotoxin H-chain domain 855–1296 with antitoxin antibodies from three host species. J Protein Chem 15:691–700

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barber LD, Parham P (1993) Peptide binding to major histocompatibility complex molecules. Annu Rev Cell Biol 9:163–206

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann CC, Tong L, Cua R, Sensintaffar J, Stohlman S (1994) Differential effects of flanking residues on presentation of epitopes from chimeric peptides. J Virol 68:5306–5310

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berman HM, Bhat TN, Bourne PE, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Weissig H, Westbrook J (2000a) The protein data bank and the challenge of structural genomics. Nat Struct Biol 7(Suppl):957–959

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE (2000b) The protein data bank. Nucleic Acids Res 28:235–242

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berry JD, Peeling RW, Brunham RC (1999) Analysis of the original antigenic sin antibody response to the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis. J Infect Dis 179:180–186

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brockstedt DG, Podsakoff GM, Fong L, Kurtzman G, Mueller-Ruchholtz W, Engleman EG (1999) Induction of immunity to antigens expressed by recombinant adeno-associated virus depends on the route of administration. Clin Immunol 92:67–75

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buslepp J, Wang H, Biddison WE, Appella E, Collins EJ (2003) A correlation between TCR Valpha docking on MHC and CD8 dependence: implications for T cell selection. Immunity 19:595–606

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buus S, Sette A, Colon SM, Miles C, Grey HM (1987) The relation between major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction and the capacity of Ia to bind immunogenic peptides. Science 235:1353–1358

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen W, Anton LC, Bennink JR, Yewdell JW (2000) Dissecting the multifactorial causes of immunodominance in class I-restricted T cell responses to viruses. Immunity 12:83–93

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen W, Norbury CC, Cho Y, Yewdell JW, Bennink JR (2001) Immunoproteasomes shape immunodominance hierarchies of antiviral CD8(+) T cells at the levels of T cell repertoire and presentation of viral antigens. J Exp Med 193:1319–1326

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cleveland SM, Buratti E, Jones TD, North P, Baralle F, McLain L, McInerney T, Durrani Z, Dimmock NJ (2000) Immunogenic and antigenic dominance of a nonneutralizing epitope over a highly conserved neutralizing epitope in the gp41 envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: its deletion leads to a strong neutralizing response. Virology 266:66–78

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cole GA, Hogg TL, Coppola MA, Woodland DL (1997) Efficient priming of CD8+ memory T cells specific for a subdominant epitope following sendai virus infection. J Immunol 158:4301–4309

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daniel S, Brusic V, Caillat-Zucman S, Petrovsky N, Harrison L, Riganelli D, Sinigaglia F, Gallazzi F, Hammer J, van Endert PM (1998) Relationship between peptide selectivities of human transporters associated with antigen processing and HLA class I molecules. J Immunol 161:617–624

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doria-Rose NA, Haigwood NL (2003) DNA vaccine strategies: candidates for immune modulation and immunization regimens. Methods 31:207–216

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Engelhard VH (1994) Structure of peptides associated with class I and class II MHC molecules. Annu Rev Immunol 12:181–207

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Engelhard VH, Brickner AG, Zarling AL (2002) Insights into antigen processing gained by direct analysis of the naturally processed class I MHC associated peptide repertoire. Mol Immunol 39:127–137

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Falk K, Rotzschke O, Stevanovic S, Jung G, Rammensee HG (1991) Allele-specific motifs revealed by sequencing of self-peptides eluted from MHC molecules. Nature 351:290–296

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer D, Rychlewski L (2003) The 2002 Olympic Games of protein structure prediction. Protein Eng 16:157–160

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fleckenstein B, Jung G, Wiesmuller KH (1999) Quantitative analysis of peptide–MHC class II interaction. Semin Immunol 11:405–416

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flower DR, McSparron H, Blythe MJ, Zygouri C, Taylor D, Guan P, Wan S, Coveney PV, Walshe V, Borrow P, Doytchinova IA (2003) Computational vaccinology: quantitative approaches. Novartis Found Symp 254:102–120; discussion 120–5, 216–22, 250–2

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Franks S, Baton L, Tetteh K, Tongren E, Dewin D, Akanmori BD, Koram KA, Ranford-Cartwright L, Riley EM (2003) Genetic diversity and antigenic polymorphism in Plasmodium falciparum: extensive serological cross-reactivity between allelic variants of merozoite surface protein 2. Infect Immun 71:3485–3495

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gallucci S, Matzinger P (2001) Danger signals: SOS to the immune system. Curr Opin Immunol 13:114–119

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giudicelli V, Lefranc MP (1999) Ontology for immunogenetics: the IMGT-ONTOLOGY. Bioinformatics 15:1047–1054

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gromme M, Neefjes J (2002) Antigen degradation or presentation by MHC class I molecules via classical and non-classical pathways. Mol Immunol 39:181–202

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grufman P, Wolpert EZ, Sandberg JK, Karre K (1999) T cell competition for the antigen-presenting cell as a model for immunodominance in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response against minor histocompatibility antigens. Eur J Immunol 29:2197–2204

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hammer J, Valsasnini P, Tolba K, Bolin D, Higelin J, Takacs B, Sinigaglia F (1993) Promiscuous and allele-specific anchors in HLA-DR-binding peptides. Cell 74:197–203

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hennecke J, Carfi A, Wiley DC (2000) Structure of a covalently stabilized complex of a human alphabeta T-cell receptor, influenza HA peptide and MHC class II molecule, HLA-DR1. Embo J 19:5611–5624

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herkel J, Heidrich B, Nieraad N, Wies I, Rother M, Lohse AW (2002) Fine specificity of autoantibodies to soluble liver antigen and liver/pancreas. Hepatology 35:403–408

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hickman HD, Luis AD, Buchli R, Few SR, Sathiamurthy M, VanGundy RS, Giberson CF, Hildebrand WH (2004) Toward a definition of self: proteomic evaluation of the class I peptide repertoire. J Immunol 172:2944–2952

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horwood F, Macfarlane J (2002) Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination: current situation and future prospects. Thorax 57(Suppl 2):II24–II30

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Imami N, Hardy G (2003) Timing of antiretroviral therapy: an immunological perspective. J HIV Ther 8:15–18

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ishida T, Harashima H, Kiwada H (2001) Interactions of liposomes with cells in vitro and in vivo: opsonins and receptors. Curr Drug Metab 2:397–409

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ito HO, Nakashima T, So T, Hirata M, Inoue M (2003) Immunodominance of conformation-dependent B-cell epitopes of protein antigens. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 308:770–776

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janssens S, Beyaert R (2003) Role of toll-like receptors in pathogen recognition. Clin Microbiol Rev 16:637–646

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jarva H, Jokiranta TS, Wurzner R, Meri S (2003) Complement resistance mechanisms of streptococci. Mol Immunol 40:95–107

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang ZH, Koganty RR (2003) Synthetic vaccines: the role of adjuvants in immune targeting. Curr Med Chem 10:1423–1439

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaas Q, Ruiz M, Lefranc MP (2004) IMGT/3D structure-DB and IMGT/StructuralQuery, a database and a tool for immunoglobulin, T cell receptor and MHC structural data. Nucleic Acids Res 32:D208–D210

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanduc D, Lucchese A, Mittelman A (2001) Individuation of monoclonal anti-HPV16 E7 antibody linear peptide epitope by computational biology. Peptides 22:1981–1985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kayhty H (1998) Immunogenicity assays and surrogate markers to predict vaccine efficacy. Dev Biol Stand 95:175–180

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klein J (1982) Immunology. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kloetzel PM (2004) Generation of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens: functional interplay between proteasomes and TPPII. Nat Immunol 5:661–669

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Latek RR, Unanue ER (1999) Mechanisms and consequences of peptide selection by the I-Ak class II molecule. Immunol Rev 172:209–228

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lauemoller SL, Kesmir C, Corbet SL, Fomsgaard A, Holm A, Claesson MH, Brunak S, Buus S (2000) Identifying cytotoxic T cell epitopes from genomic and proteomic information: “the human MHC project.” Rev Immunogenet 2:477–491

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lauvau G, Kakimi K, Niedermann G, Ostankovitch M, Yotnda P, Firat H, Chisari FV, van Endert PM (1999) Human transporters associated with antigen processing (TAPs) select epitope precursor peptides for processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and presentation to T cells. J Exp Med 190:1227–1240

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lefranc M-P, Giudicelli V, Ginestoux C, Bosc N, Folch G, Guiraudou D, Jabado-Michaloud J, Magris S, Scaviner D, Thouvenin V, Combres K, Girod D, Jeanjean S, Protat C, Yousfi Monod M, Duprat E, Kaas Q, Pommié C, Chaume D, Lefranc G (2004) IMGT-ONTOLOGY for immunogenetics and immunoinformatics. In Silico Biol 4:17–29

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lefranc M-P, Clément O, Kaas Q, Duprat E, Chastellan P, Coelho I, Combres K, Ginestoux C, Giudicelli V, Chaume D, Lefranc G (2005a) IMGT-choreography for immunogenetics and immunoinformatics. In Silico Biol 5:0006

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefranc M-P, Giudicelli V, Kaas Q, Duprat E, Jabado-Michaloud J, Scaviner D, Ginestoux C, Clément O, Chaume D, Lefranc G (2005b) IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system. Nucleic Acids Res 33(Database Issue):D593–D597

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lehner PJ (2003) The calculus of immunity: quantitating antigen processing. Immunity 18:315–317

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liang FT, Alvarez AL, Gu Y, Nowling JM, Ramamoorthy R, Philipp MT (1999) An immunodominant conserved region within the variable domain of VlsE, the variable surface antigen of Borrelia burgdorferi. J Immunol 163:5566–5573

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Madden DR (1995) The three-dimensional structure of peptide-MHC complexes. Annu Rev Immunol 13:587–622

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Margalit H, Altuvia Y (2003) Insights from MHC-bound peptides. Novartis Found Symp 254:77–90; discussion 91–101, 216–22, 250–2

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moult J, Fidelis K, Zemla A, Hubbard T (2003) Critical assessment of methods of protein structure prediction (CASP)-round V. Proteins 53(Suppl 6)334–339

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murray D, Jackson C (2002) A conjugate vaccine for the prevention of pediatric pneumococcal disease. Mil Med 167:671–677

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Musiani M, Manaresi E, Gallinella G, Venturoli S, Zuffi E, Zerbini M (2000) Immunoreactivity against linear epitopes of parvovirus B19 structural proteins. Immunodominance of the amino-terminal half of the unique region of VP1. J Med Virol 60:347–352

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mylvaganam SE, Paterson Y, Getzoff ED (1998) Structural basis for the binding of an anti-cytochrome c antibody to its antigen: crystal structures of FabE8-cytochrome c complex to 1.8 A resolution and FabE8 to 2.26 A resolution. J Mol Biol 281:301–322

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakagawa TY, Rudensky AY (1999) The role of lysosomal proteinases in MHC class II-mediated antigen processing and presentation. Immunol Rev 172:121–129

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noy NF, McGuinness DL (2001) Ontology development 101: a guide to creating your first ontology. Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory technical report KSL-01-05 and Stanford Medical Informatics technical report

    Google Scholar 

  • Oleksiewicz MB, Botner A, Toft P, Normann P, Storgaard T (2001) Epitope mapping porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by phage display: the nsp2 fragment of the replicase polyprotein contains a cluster of B-cell epitopes. J Virol 75:3277–3290

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rammensee HG (1995) Chemistry of peptides associated with MHC class I and class II molecules. Curr Opin Immunol 7:85–96

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rammensee HG, Falk K, Rotzschke O (1993) Peptides naturally presented by MHC class I molecules. Annu Rev Immunol 11:213–244

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reits E, Neijssen J, Herberts C, Benckhuijsen W, Janssen L, Drijfhout JW, Neefjes J (2004) A major role for TPPII in trimming proteasomal degradation products for MHC class I antigen presentation. Immunity 20:495–506

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rock KL, York IA, Goldberg AL (2004) Post-proteasomal antigen processing for major histocompatibility complex class I presentation. Nat Immunol 5:670–677

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rotzschke O, Falk K, Deres K, Schild H, Norda M, Metzger J, Jung G, Rammensee HG (1990) Isolation and analysis of naturally processed viral peptides as recognized by cytotoxic T cells. Nature 348:252–254

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rotzschke O, Falk K, Stevanovic S, Jung G, Walden P, Rammensee HG (1991) Exact prediction of a natural T cell epitope. Eur J Immunol 21:2891–2894

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saveanu L, Fruci D, van Endert P (2002) Beyond the proteasome: trimming, degradation and generation of MHC class I ligands by auxiliary proteases. Mol Immunol 39:203–215

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scheibenbogen C, Schadendorf D, Bechrakis NE, Nagorsen D, Hofmann U, Servetopoulou F, Letsch A, Philipp A, Foerster MH, Schmittel A, Thiel E, Keilholz U (2003) Effects of granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor and foreign helper protein as immunologic adjuvants on the T-cell response to vaccination with tyrosinase peptides. Int J Cancer 104:188–194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sette A, Sidney J (1999) Nine major HLA class I supertypes account for the vast preponderance of HLA-A and -B polymorphism. Immunogenetics 50:201–212

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sette AD, Oseroff C, Sidney J, Alexander J, Chesnut RW, Kakimi K, Guidotti LG, Chisari FV (2001) Overcoming T cell tolerance to the hepatitis B virus surface antigen in hepatitis B virus-transgenic mice. J Immunol 166:1389–1397

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shastri N, Serwold T, Gonzalez F (1995) Presentation of endogenous peptide/MHC class I complexes is profoundly influenced by specific C-terminal flanking residues. J Immunol 155:4339–4346

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shastri N, Serwold T, Paz P (1998) Reading within the lines: naturally processed peptides displayed by MHC class I molecules. Curr Opin Immunol 10:137–144

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sobotta D, Sominskaya I, Jansons J, Meisel H, Schmitt S, Heermann KH, Kaluza G, Pumpens P, Gerlich WH (2000) Mapping of immunodominant B-cell epitopes and the human serum albumin-binding site in natural hepatitis B virus surface antigen of defined genosubtype. J Gen Virol 81:369–378

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sondak VK, Sosman JA (2003) Results of clinical trials with an allogenic melanoma tumor cell lysate vaccine: melacine. Semin Cancer Biol 13:409–415

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spellberg B, Edwards JE Jr (2001) Type 1/Type 2 immunity in infectious diseases. Clin Infect Dis 32:76–102

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stevanovic S (2002) Structural basis of immunogenicity. Transpl Immunol 10:133–136

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stevanovic S, Lemmel C, Hantschel M, Eberle U (2003) Generating data for databases—the peptide repertoire of HLA molecules. Novartis Found Symp 254:143–155; discussion 155–64, 216–22, 250–2

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stoltze L, Nussbaum AK, Sijts A, Emmerich NP, Kloetzel PM, Schild H (2000) The function of the proteasome system in MHC class I antigen processing. Immunol Today 21:317–319

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Uebel S, Tampe R (1999) Specificity of the proteasome and the TAP transporter. Curr Opin Immunol 11:203–208

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vajda S, Camacho CJ (2004) Protein–protein docking: is the glass half-full or half-empty? Trends Biotechnol 22:110–116

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Bleek GM, Nathenson SG (1990) Isolation of an endogenously processed immunodominant viral peptide from the class I H-2Kb molecule. Nature 348:213–216

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van der Merwe PA, Davis SJ (2003) Molecular interactions mediating T cell antigen recognition. Annu Rev Immunol 21:659–684

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van der Most RG, Concepcion RJ, Oseroff C, Alexander J, Southwood S, Sidney J, Chesnut RW, Ahmed R, Sette A (1997) Uncovering subdominant cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-infected BALB/c mice. J Virol 71:5110–5114

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Kaer L (2002) Major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted antigen processing and presentation. Tissue Antigens 60:1–9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Regenmortel MHV (1996) Mapping epitope structure and activity: from one-dimensional prediction to four-dimensional description of antigenic specificity. Methods 9:465–472

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Venclovas C, Zemla A, Fidelis K, Moult J (2003) Assessment of progress over the CASP experiments. Proteins 53(Suppl 6)585–595

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weininger D (1988) SMILES 1. Introduction and encoding rules. J Chem Inf Comput Sci 28

  • William PE (1999) Fundamental immunology. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Wodak SJ, Mendez R (2004) Prediction of protein–protein interactions: the CAPRI experiment, its evaluation and implications. Curr Opin Struct Biol 14:242–249

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong Z, Farilla L, Guo J, McLachlan S, Rapoport B (2001) Does the autoantibody immunodominant region on thyroid peroxidase include amino acid residues 742–771? Thyroid 11:227–231

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yewdell JW (2001) Not such a dismal science: the economics of protein synthesis, folding, degradation and antigen processing. Trends Cell Biol 11:294–297

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • York IA, Goldberg AL, Mo XY, Rock KL (1999) Proteolysis and class I major histocompatibility complex antigen presentation. Immunol Rev 172:49–66

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health Contract HHSN26620040006C.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alessandro Sette.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Peters, B., Sidney, J., Bourne, P. et al. The design and implementation of the immune epitope database and analysis resource. Immunogenetics 57, 326–336 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-005-0803-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-005-0803-5

Keywords

Navigation