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Evolutionary History and Mode of the amylase Multigene Family in Drosophila

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Abstract

Previous studies indicate that the tandemly repeated members of the amylase (Amy) gene family evolved in a concerted manner in the melanogaster subgroup and in some other species. In this paper, we analyzed all of the 49 active and complete Amy gene sequences in Drosophila, mostly from subgenus Sophophora. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two types of diverged Amy genes in the Drosophila montium subgroup and Drosophila ananassae, which are located in distant chromosomal regions from each other, originated independently in different evolutionary lineages of the melanogaster group after the split of the obscura and melanogaster groups. One of the two clusters was lost after duplication in the melanogaster subgroup. Given the time, 24.9 mya, of divergence between the obscura and the melanogaster groups (Russo et al. 1995), the two duplication events were estimated to occur at about 13.96 ± 1.93 and 12.38 ± 1.76 mya in the montium subgroup and D. ananassae, respectively. An accelerated rate of amino acid changes was not observed in either lineage after these gene duplications. However, the G+C contents at the third codon positions (GC3) decreased significantly along one of the two Amy clusters both in the montium subgroup and in D. ananassae right after gene duplication. Furthermore, one of the two types of the Amy genes with a lower GC3 content has lost a specific regulatory element within the montium subgroup species and D. ananassae. While the tandemly repeated members evolved in a concerted manner, the two types of diverged Amy genes in Drosophila experienced frequent gene duplication, gene loss, and divergent evolution following the model of a birth-and-death process.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Drs. J.L. Thorne and D. Lachaise for helpful discussions and to two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved our manuscript. This work has been supported by BIRD of the Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) and the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS to H.K.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Biometrics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan

    Ze Zhang & Hirohisa Kishino

  2. Institute for Bioinformatics Research and Development (BIRD), Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Japan

    Ze Zhang

  3. Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan

    Nobuyuki Inomata

  4. The Research Institute of Evolutionary Biology, 2-4-28, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-0098, Japan

    Tsuneyuki Yamazaki

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  1. Ze Zhang
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  2. Nobuyuki Inomata
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  4. Hirohisa Kishino
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Correspondence to Ze Zhang.

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Zhang, Z., Inomata, N., Yamazaki, T. et al. Evolutionary History and Mode of the amylase Multigene Family in Drosophila . J Mol Evol 57, 702–709 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-003-2521-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-003-2521-7

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