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Is Fish Oil Good or Bad for Heart Disease? Two Trials with Apparently Conflicting Results

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Abstract

Two successive randomized trials examined the effect of an increased intake of fatty fish, or the use of fish oil supplements, in reducing mortality in men with heart disease. The Diet and Reinfarction Trial (DART) was conducted in 2033 men who were recovering from acute myocardial infarction (MI). Those who were advised to eat fatty fish (or who opted to take fish oil capsules instead) had a 29% reduction in all-cause mortality over the following two years compared with those not so advised. The effect appeared in the first few months of the trial. The Diet and Angina Randomized Trial (DART 2) involved 3114 men with stable angina. Advice to eat fatty fish did not reduce mortality, and taking fish oil capsules was associated with a higher risk of cardiac and sudden death. The adverse effects of fish or fish oil were restricted to men not taking β-blockers or dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers, and were greater in those taking digoxin. Evidence from other sources strongly suggests an anti-arrhythmic action of fish oil, particularly after MI or in the presence of acute ischemia. The apparently conflicting results of the two trials may reflect different actions of n-3 fatty acids in acute and chronic conditions, together with different effects of eating fish and taking fish oil capsules. A mechanism is proposed that could account for these findings.

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Acknowledgement

DART was funded by the Medical Research Council, the Welsh Scheme for the Development of Health and Social Research, the Welsh Heart Foundation, the Flora Project, and the Health Promotion Research Trust. DART 2 was funded by the Medical Research Council, the British Heart Foundation, Seven Seas Limited, Novex Pharma Limited, and the Fish Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, Statistics and Public Health, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, CF14 4XN, UK

    M.L. Burr & F.D.J. Dunstan

  2. Wales Heart Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, CF14 4XN, UK

    C.H. George

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  1. M.L. Burr
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  2. F.D.J. Dunstan
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  3. C.H. George
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Correspondence to M.L. Burr.

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Burr, M., Dunstan, F. & George, C. Is Fish Oil Good or Bad for Heart Disease? Two Trials with Apparently Conflicting Results. J Membrane Biol 206, 155–163 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-005-0784-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-005-0784-1

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