Abstract
Laminar natural convective heat transfer of nanofluids inside an enclosure is numerically investigated considering the thermal dispersion effect of the nanoparticles. Feasibility of applying nanofluids instead of pure liquids in natural convective, which is a discrepancy issue between the previous numerical and experimental works, is examined. Results confirm the previous experimental results of general deterioration in heat transfer rate. Discussions, justifications and correlations for average Nusselt number are presented.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Choi SUS (1995) Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. In: Siginer DA, Wang HP (eds) Developments and applications of non-newtonian flows. FED-vol 231/MD, vol 66. ASME, New York, pp 99–105
Eastman JA, Choi SUS, Yu W, Thompson LJ (2001) Anomalously increased effective thermal conductivities of ethylene glycol-based nanofluids containing copper nanoparticles. Appl Phys Lett 78:718–720
Xuan Y, Li Q (2000) Heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 21:58–64
Khanafer K, Vafai K, Lightstone M (2003) Buoyancy-driven heat transfer enhancement in a two-dimensional enclosure utilizing nanofluids. Int J Heat Mass Transf 46:3639–3663
Jou RY, Tzeng SC (2006) Numerical research of nature convective heat transfer enhancement. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf 33:727–736
Oztop HF, Abu-Nada E (2008) Numerical study of natural convection in partially heated rectangular enclosures filled with nanofluids. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 29:1326–1336
Öğüt EB (2009) Natural convection of water-based nanofluids in an inclined enclosure with a heat source. Int J Therm Sci 48:2063–2073
Mahmoodi M (2011) Numerical simulation of free convection of a nanofluid in L-shaped cavities. Int J Therm Sci 50:1731–1740
Santra AK, Sen S, Chakraborty N (2008) Study of heat transfer augmentation in a differentially heated square cavity using copper–water nanofluid. Int J Therm Sci 47:1113–1122
Putra N, Roetzel W, Das SK (2003) Natural convective of nanofluids. Heat Mass Transf 39:775–784
Wen D, Ding Y (2005) Formulation of nanofluids for natural convective heat transfer applications. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 26:855–864
Li CH, Peterson GP (2010) Experimental studies of natural convection heat transfer of Al2O3/DI water nanoparticle suspensions (nanofluids). Adv Mech Eng, Article ID 742739. doi:10.1155/2010/742739
Ho CJ, Liu WK, Chang YS, Lin CC (2010) Natural convection heat transfer of alumina-water nanofluid in vertical square enclosures: an experimental study. Int J Therm Sci 49:1345–1353
Li Y, Zhou J, Tung S, Schneider E, Xi S (2009) A review on development of nanofluid preparation and characterization. Powder Technol 196:89–101
Maxwell JC (1904) A treatise on electricity and magnetism, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Cambridge, pp 435–441
Hamilton RL, Crosser OK (1962) Thermal conductivity of heterogeneous two-component systems. Ind Eng Chem Fundam 1(3):187–191
Yu W, Choi SUS (2003) The role of interfacial layers in the enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids: a renovated Maxwell model. J Nanopart Res 5:167–171
Xue Q, Xu W (2005) A model of thermal conductivity of nanofluids with interfacial shells. Chem Phys 90:298–301
Xie H, Fujii M, Zhang X (2005) Effect of interfacial nanolayer on the effective thermal conductivity of nanoparticle-fluid mixture. Int J Heat Mass Transf 48:2926–2932
Leong KC, Yang C, Murshed SMS (2006) A model for the thermal conductivity of nanofluids—the effect of interfacial layer. J Nanopart Res 8:245–254
Xuan Y, Li Q, Hu W (2003) Aggregation structure and thermal conductivity of nanofluids. AIChE J 49(4):1038–1043
Koo J, Kleinstreuer C (2004) A new thermal conductivity model for nanofluids. J Nanopart Res 6:577–588
Koo J, Kleinstreuer C (2005) Laminar nanofluid flow in microheat-sinks. Int J Heat Mass Transf 48:2652–2661
Das SK, Putra N, Thiesen P, Roetzel W (2003) Temperature dependence of thermal conductivity enhancement for nanofluids. J Heat Transf 125:567–574
Vajjha RS, Das DK (2009) Determination of thermal conductivity of three nanofluids and development of new correlations. Int J Heat Mass Transf 52:4675–4682
Chon CH, Kihm KD, Lee SP, Choi SUS (2005) Empirical correlation finding the role of temperature and particle size for nanofluid (Al2O3) thermal conductivity enhancement. Appl Phys Lett 87(15):153107:1–3
Prasher R, Bhattacharya P, Phelan PE (2006) Brownian-motion-based convective–conductive model for the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids. J Heat Transf 128:588–595
Jang SP, Choi SUS (2007) Effects of various parameters on nanofluid thermal conductivity. J Heat Transf 129:617–623
Murshed SMS, Leong KC, Yang C (2009) A combined model for the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Appl Therm Eng 29:2477–2483
Chandrasekar M, Suresh S, Chandra Bose A (2010) Experimental investigations and theoretical determination of thermal conductivity and viscosity of Al2O3/water nanofluid. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 34:210–216
Corcione M (2010) Heat transfer features of buoyancy-driven nanofluids inside rectangular enclosures differentially heated at the sidewalls. Int J Therm Sci 49:1536–1546
Zhang X, Gu H, Fujii M (2006) Experimental study on the effective thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of nanofluids. Int J Thermophys 27(2):569–580. doi:10.1007/s10765-006-0054-1
Einstein A (1906) Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleku, ldimensionen. Ann Phys 19:289–306
Krieger IM, Dougherty TJ (1959) A mechanism for non-Newtonian flow in suspensions of rigid spheres. Trans Soc Rheol 3:137–152
Frankel NA, Acrivos A (1967) On the viscosity of a concentrate suspension of solid spheres. Chem Eng Sci 22:847–853
Nielsen LE (1970) Generalized equation for the elastic moduli of composite materials. J Appl Phys 41:4626–4627
Batchelor GK (1977) The effect of Brownian motion on the bulk stress in a suspension of spherical particles. J Fluid Mech 83:97–117
Nguyen CT, Desgranges F, Roy G, Galanis N, Mare T, Bouche S, Mintsa AH (2007) Temperature and particle-size dependent viscosity data for water-based nanofluids—Hysteresis phenomenon. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 28:1492–1506
Ghasemi B, Aminossadati SM (2010) Periodic natural convection in a nanofluid-filled enclosure with oscillating heat flux. Int J Therm Sci 49:1–9
Godso L, Raja B, Lal MD, Wongwises S (2010) Enhancement of heat transfer using nanofluids—an overview. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 14:629–641
Tiwari RK, Das MK (2007) Heat transfer augmentation in a two-sided lid-driven differentially heated square cavity utilizing nanofluids. Int J Heat Mass Transf 50:2002–2018
Xuan Y, Roetzel W (2000) Conceptions for heat transfer correlation of nanofluids. Int J Heat Mass Transf 43:3701–3707
Kaviany M (1995) Principles of heat transfer in porous media. Springer, New York
Mokmeli A, Saffar-Avval M (2010) Prediction of nanofluid convective heat transfer using the dispersion model. Int J Therm Sci 49:471–478
Amiri A, Vafai K (1994) Analysis of dispersion effects and nonthermal equilibrium, non-Darcian, variable porosity, incompressible flow through porous media. Int J Heat Mass Transf 37:939–954
Bhattacharyya TK (1997) Free convection in channel—an alternative numerical approach and illustrations. Commun Numer Methods Eng 13:387–396
De Vahl DavisG (1962) Natural convection of air in a square cavity, a benchmark numerical solution. Int J Numer Methods Fluids 3:249–264
Markatos NC, Pericleous KA (1984) Laminar and turbulent natural convection in an enclosed cavity. Int J Heat Mass Transf 27:772–775
Fusegi T, Hyun JM, Kuwahara K, Farouk B (1991) A numerical study of three-dimensional natural convection in a differentially heated cubical enclosure. Int J Heat Mass Transf 34:1543–1557
Barakos G, Mitsoulis E (1994) Natural convection flow in a square cavity revisited: laminar and turbulent models with wall functions. Int J Numer Methods Fluids 18:695–719
Krane RJ, Jessee J (1983) Some detailed field measurements for a natural convection flow in a vertical square enclosure. In: Proceedings of the first ASME-JSME thermal engineering joint conference, vol 1, pp 323–329
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Esmaeil, K.K. Numerical feasibility study of utilizing nanofluids in laminar natural convection inside enclosures. Heat Mass Transfer 49, 41–54 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-012-1059-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-012-1059-x