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Passive sampling and/or extraction techniques in environmental analysis: a review

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Abstract

The current state-of-the-art of passive sampling and/or extraction methods for long-term monitoring of pollutants in different environmental compartments is discussed in this review. Passive dosimeters that have been successfully used to monitor organic and inorganic contaminants in air, water, sediments, and soil are presented. The application of new approaches to the determination of pollutants at the sampling stage is discussed. The main milestones in the development of passive techniques for sampling and/or extraction of analytes, and in biomonitors used in environmental analysis, are summarized in this review. Passive samplers and biomonitors are compared.

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Abbreviations

ACC:

Activated carbon cloth strips

BTX:

Benzene, toluene, and xylenes

CAR:

Carboxen

CAT:

Capillary adsorption tubes

CW:

Carbowax

DNPH:

2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine

DSD:

Carbonyl-diffusive sampling device

DVB:

Divinylbenzene

EPA:

Environmental Protection Agency

ePTFE:

Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene

GC:

Gas chromatography

IGFF:

Impregnated glass fiber filters

LDPE:

Low-density polyethylene

LIPS:

Liquid passive sampler

LOCD:

Lawrence Berkeley national laboratory occupational carbon oxide dosimeter

MESCO:

Membrane-enclosed sorptive coating sampler

NCPS:

Nafion-coated passive sampler

NITC:

1-Naphthylisothiocyanate

OC pesticides (OCP):

Organochlorine pesticides

OPFBHA:

O-(2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine

OVM:

Organic-vapor monitor

PA:

Polyacrylate

PAH:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

PAKS:

Personal aldehydes and ketones sampler

PAS:

Passive air samplers

PCB:

Polychlorinated biphenyls

PCDD:

Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins

PCDF:

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans

PDBE:

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers

PDBS:

Passive diffusion bag sampler

PDMS:

Polydimethylsiloxane

PIMS:

Passive integrative mercury sampler

PISCES:

Passive in-situ concentration–extraction sampler

PLM:

Permeation liquid membrane

POG:

Polymer-coated glass

POP:

Persistent organic pollutants

PPD:

Parallel-plate dialyzer

PTFE:

Polytetrafluoroethylene

PUF:

Polyurethane foam

SBSE:

Stir-bar-sorptive extraction

SLM:

Supported liquid membrane

SLMD:

Stabilized liquid membrane device

SPE:

Solid-phase extraction

SPM:

Semipermeable membrane

SPMD:

Semipermeable membrane devices

SPME:

Solid-phase microextraction

SVOC:

Semi-volatile organic compounds

TEA:

Triethanolamine

TPR:

Templated resin

TRIMPS:

Trimethylpentane solvent passive samplers

VOC:

Volatile organic compounds

XRF:

X-ray fluorescence

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Acknowledgements

The Department of Analytical Chemistry is part of the “Centre of Excellence in Environmental Analysis and Monitoring”, a research project supported by the European Commission under the Fifth Framework Programme and contributing to the implementation of the Key Action “Sustainable Management and Quality of Water” within the Energy, Environment, and Sustainable Development (Contract No.: EVK1-CT-2002-80010). The authors acknowledge this generous support.

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  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-952, Gdansk, Poland

    Jacek Namieśnik, Bożena Zabiegała, Agata Kot-Wasik, Monika Partyka & Andrzej Wasik

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  1. Jacek Namieśnik
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Namieśnik, J., Zabiegała, B., Kot-Wasik, A. et al. Passive sampling and/or extraction techniques in environmental analysis: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 381, 279–301 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-004-2830-8

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