Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Alpha-synuclein deletion decreases motor impulsivity but does not affect risky decision making in a mouse Gambling Task

  • Original Investigation
  • Published:
Psychopharmacology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Rationale

There is evidence to support the role of alpha-synuclein in motor impulsivity, but the extrapolation of this finding to other types of impulsivity remains to be elucidated.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the role of alpha-synuclein in choice impulsivity/risky decision-making by means of a mouse version of the Iowa Gambling Task (mIGT).

Methods

Two strains of mice that differ in the expression of the alpha-synuclein gene, the C57BL/6JOlaHsd (HA) and C57BL/6J (CR), were tested in the mIGT. HA mice differ from their CR ancestors in possessing a chromosomal deletion resulting in the loss of two genes: snca, encoding alpha-synuclein and mmrn1, encoding multimerin-1. Mice were trained in the mIGT until a stable pattern of responding was achieved and then the acute effects of ethanol and cocaine in choice preference were investigated.

Results

No differences between the strains were evident in risky decision-making in any of the experiments, but HA mice showed consistently reduced levels of premature responding in comparison with CR mice, confirming the reduced motor impulsivity found in a previous study. Ethanol did not modify the percentage of advantageous choices in either strain, while cocaine increased the risky choice behaviour by increasing the percentage of disadvantageous choices in both strains.

Conclusions

We provide further evidence for the involvement of alpha-synuclein in motor impulsivity and suggest that alpha-synuclein does not play a role in risky decision-making as evaluated in the mIGT.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abeliovich A, Schmitz Y, Farinas I, Choi-Lundberg D, Ho WH, Castillo PE, Shinsky N, Verdugo JM, Armanini M, Ryan A, Hynes M, Phillips H, Sulzer D, Rosenthal A (2000) Mice lacking alpha-synuclein display functional deficits in the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Neuron 25:239–252

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adida M, Clark L, Pomietto P, Kaladjian A, Besnier N, Azorin JM, Jeanningros R, Goodwin GM (2008) Lack of insight may predict impaired decision making in manic patients. Bipolar Disord 10:829–837

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anwar S, Peters O, Millership S, Ninkina N, Doig N, Connor-Robson N, Threlfell S, Kooner G, Deacon RM, Bannerman DM, Bolam JP, Chandra SS, Cragg SJ, Wade-Martins R, Buchman VL (2011) Functional alterations to the nigrostriatal system in mice lacking all three members of the synuclein family. J Neurosci: Off J Soc Neurosci 31:7264–7274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baarendse PJ, Vanderschuren LJ (2012) Dissociable effects of monoamine reuptake inhibitors on distinct forms of impulsive behavior in rats. Psychopharmacology 219:313–326

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baarendse PJ, Winstanley CA, Vanderschuren LJ (2013) Simultaneous blockade of dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake promotes disadvantageous decision making in a rat gambling task. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 225:719–731

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bari A, Robbins TW (2013) Inhibition and impulsivity: behavioral and neural basis of response control. Prog Neurobiol 108:44–79

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bechara A, Damasio AR, Damasio H, Anderson SW (1994) Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition 50:7–15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bechara A, Damasio H, Damasio AR, Lee GP (1999) Different contributions of the human amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex to decision-making. J Neurosci 19:5473–5481

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bechara A, Dolan S, Denburg N, Hindes A, Anderson SW, Nathan PE (2001) Decision-making deficits, linked to a dysfunctional ventromedial prefrontal cortex, revealed in alcohol and stimulant abusers. Neuropsychologia 39:376–389

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bezdjian S, Baker LA, Tuvblad C (2011) Genetic and environmental influences on impulsivity: a meta-analysis of twin, family and adoption studies. Clin Psychol Rev 31:1209–1223

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bickel WK, Marsch LA (2001) Toward a behavioral economic understanding of drug dependence: delay discounting processes. Addiction 96:73–86

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bizarro L, Patel S, Stolerman IP (2003) Comprehensive deficits in performance of an attentional task produced by co-administering alcohol and nicotine to rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 72:287–295

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bonsch D, Reulbach U, Bayerlein K, Hillemacher T, Kornhuber J, Bleich S (2004) Elevated alpha synuclein mRNA levels are associated with craving in patients with alcoholism. Biol Psychiatry 56:984–986

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bonsch D, Greifenberg V, Bayerlein K, Biermann T, Reulbach U, Hillemacher T, Kornhuber J, Bleich S (2005) Alpha-synuclein protein levels are increased in alcoholic patients and are linked to craving. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29:763–765

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brenz Verca MS, Bahi A, Boyer F, Wagner GC, Dreyer JL (2003) Distribution of alpha- and gamma-synucleins in the adult rat brain and their modification by high-dose cocaine treatment. Eur J Neurosci 18:1923–1938

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brevers D, Cleeremans A, Verbruggen F, Bechara A, Kornreich C, Verbanck P, Noel X (2012) Impulsive action but not impulsive choice determines problem gambling severity. PLoS One 7:e50647

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brewer JA, Potenza MN (2008) The neurobiology and genetics of impulse control disorders: relationships to drug addictions. Biochem Pharmacol 75:63–75

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Broos N, Schmaal L, Wiskerke J, Kostelijk L, Lam T, Stoop N, Weierink L, Ham J, de Geus EJ, Schoffelmeer AN, van den Brink W, Veltman DJ, de Vries TJ, Pattij T, Goudriaan AE (2012) The relationship between impulsive choice and impulsive action: a cross-species translational study. PLoS One 7:e36781

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cantrell H, Finn PR, Rickert ME, Lucas J (2008) Decision making in alcohol dependence: insensitivity to future consequences and comorbid disinhibitory psychopathology. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 32:1398–1407

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cavedini P, Riboldi G, Keller R, D'Annucci A, Bellodi L (2002) Frontal lobe dysfunction in pathological gambling patients. Biol Psychiatry 51:334–341

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chartier-Harlin MC, Kachergus J, Roumier C, Mouroux V, Douay X, Lincoln S, Levecque C, Larvor L, Andrieux J, Hulihan M, Waucquier N, Defebvre L, Amouyel P, Farrer M, Destee A (2004) Alpha-synuclein locus duplication as a cause of familial Parkinson's disease. Lancet 364:1167–1169

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cherpitel CJ (1999) Substance use, injury, and risk-taking dispositions in the general population. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 23:121–126

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dagher A, Robbins TW (2009) Personality, addiction, dopamine: insights from Parkinson's disease. Neuron 61:502–510

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dalley JW, Everitt BJ, Robbins TW (2011) Impulsivity, compulsivity, and top-down cognitive control. Neuron 69:680–694

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Visser L, Homberg JR, Mitsogiannis M, Zeeb FD, Rivalan M, Fitoussi A, Galhardo V, van den Bos R, Winstanley CA, Dellu-Hagedorn F (2011) Rodent versions of the Iowa gambling task: opportunities and challenges for the understanding of decision-making. Front Neurosci 5:109

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diergaarde L, Pattij T, Poortvliet I, Hogenboom F, de Vries W, Schoffelmeer AN, De Vries TJ (2008) Impulsive choice and impulsive action predict vulnerability to distinct stages of nicotine seeking in rats. Biol Psychiatry 63:301–308

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dougherty DM, Marsh-Richard DM, Hatzis ES, Nouvion SO, Mathias CW (2008) A test of alcohol dose effects on multiple behavioral measures of impulsivity. Drug Alcohol Depend 96:111–120

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ericksen KP, Trocki KF (1994) Sex, alcohol and sexually transmitted diseases: a national survey. Fam Plan Perspect 26:257–263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evenden JL (1999) Varieties of impulsivity. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 146:348–361

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evenden JL, Ryan CN (1999) The pharmacology of impulsive behaviour in rats VI: the effects of ethanol and selective serotonergic drugs on response choice with varying delays of reinforcement. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 146:413–421

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fellows LK, Farah MJ (2005) Different underlying impairments in decision-making following ventromedial and dorsolateral frontal lobe damage in humans. Cereb Cortex 15:58–63

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fineberg NA, Potenza MN, Chamberlain SR, Berlin HA, Menzies L, Bechara A, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW, Bullmore ET, Hollander E (2010) Probing compulsive and impulsive behaviors, from animal models to endophenotypes: a narrative review. Neuropsychopharmacology 35:591–604

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher PJ, Rizos Z, Noble K, Higgins GA (2011) Impulsive action induced by amphetamine, cocaine and MK801 is reduced by 5-HT(2C) receptor stimulation and 5-HT(2A) receptor blockade. Neuropharmacology 61:468–477

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher PJ, Soko AD, Higgins GA (2012) Impulsive action in the 5-choice serial reaction time test in 5-HT2C receptor null mutant mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 226:561–570

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fornai F, Lenzi P, Ferrucci M, Lazzeri G, di Poggio AB, Natale G, Busceti CL, Biagioni F, Giusiani M, Ruggieri S, Paparelli A (2005) Occurrence of neuronal inclusions combined with increased nigral expression of alpha-synuclein within dopaminergic neurons following treatment with amphetamine derivatives in mice. Brain Res Bull 65:405–413

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foroud T, Wetherill LF, Liang T, Dick DM, Hesselbrock V, Kramer J, Nurnberger J, Schuckit M, Carr L, Porjesz B, Xuei X, Edenberg HJ (2007) Association of alcohol craving with alpha-synuclein (SNCA). Alcohol Clin Exp Res 31:537–545

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • George S, Rogers RD, Duka T (2005) The acute effect of alcohol on decision making in social drinkers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 182:160–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hellemans KG, Nobrega JN, Olmstead MC (2005) Early environmental experience alters baseline and ethanol-induced cognitive impulsivity: relationship to forebrain 5-HT1A receptor binding. Behav Brain Res 159:207–220

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Homberg JR, van den Bos R, den Heijer E, Suer R, Cuppen E (2008) Serotonin transporter dosage modulates long-term decision-making in rat and human. Neuropharmacology 55:80–84

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Izquierdo A, Jentsch JD (2012) Reversal learning as a measure of impulsive and compulsive behavior in addictions. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 219:607–620

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kjome KL, Lane SD, Schmitz JM, Green C, Ma L, Prasla I, Swann AC, Moeller FG (2010) Relationship between impulsivity and decision making in cocaine dependence. Psychiatry Res 178:299–304

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lane SD, Cherek DR, Pietras CJ, Tcheremissine OV (2004) Alcohol effects on human risk taking. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 172:68–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Le Berre AP, Rauchs G, La Joie R, Mezenge F, Boudehent C, Vabret F, Segobin S, Viader F, Allain P, Eustache F, Pitel AL, Beaunieux H (2012) Impaired decision-making and brain shrinkage in alcoholism. Eur Psychiatry. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.10.002

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewohl JM, Huygens F, Crane DI, Dodd PR (2001) GABA(A) receptor alpha-subunit proteins in human chronic alcoholics. J Neurochem 78:424–434

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loeber S, Duka T, Welzel H, Nakovics H, Heinz A, Flor H, Mann K (2009) Impairment of cognitive abilities and decision making after chronic use of alcohol: the impact of multiple detoxifications. Alcohol Alcohol 44:372–381

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loeber S, Duka T, Welzel Marquez H, Nakovics H, Heinz A, Mann K, Flor H (2010) Effects of repeated withdrawal from alcohol on recovery of cognitive impairment under abstinence and rate of relapse. Alcohol Alcohol 45:541–547

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mash DC, Ouyang Q, Pablo J, Basile M, Izenwasser S, Lieberman A, Perrin RJ (2003) Cocaine abusers have an overexpression of alpha-synuclein in dopamine neurons. The Journal of Neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 23:2564–2571

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazas CA, Finn PR, Steinmetz JE (2000) Decision-making biases, antisocial personality, and early-onset alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 24:1036–1040

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miranda R Jr, MacKillop J, Meyerson LA, Justus A, Lovallo WR (2009) Influence of antisocial and psychopathic traits on decision-making biases in alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 33:817–825

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell MR, Vokes CM, Blankenship AL, Simon NW, Setlow B (2011) Effects of acute administration of nicotine, amphetamine, diazepam, morphine, and ethanol on risky decision-making in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 218:703–712

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy DD, Rueter SM, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM (2000) Synucleins are developmentally expressed, and alpha-synuclein regulates the size of the presynaptic vesicular pool in primary hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci: Off J Soc Neurosci 20:3214–3220

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nemani VM, Lu W, Berge V, Nakamura K, Onoa B, Lee MK, Chaudhry FA, Nicoll RA, Edwards RH (2010) Increased expression of alpha-synuclein reduces neurotransmitter release by inhibiting synaptic vesicle reclustering after endocytosis. Neuron 65:66–79

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver YP, Ripley TL, Stephens DN (2009) Ethanol effects on impulsivity in two mouse strains: similarities to diazepam and ketamine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 204:679–692

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olmstead MC, Hellemans KG, Paine TA (2006) Alcohol-induced impulsivity in rats: an effect of cue salience? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 184:221–228

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ortner CN, MacDonald TK, Olmstead MC (2003) Alcohol intoxication reduces impulsivity in the delay-discounting paradigm. Alcohol Alcohol 38:151–156

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pattij T, Vanderschuren LJ (2008) The neuropharmacology of impulsive behaviour. Trends Pharmacol Sci 29:192–199

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pena-Oliver Y, Buchman VL, Dalley JW, Robbins TW, Schumann G, Ripley TL, King SL, Stephens DN (2012) Deletion of alpha-synuclein decreases impulsivity in mice. Genes Brain Behav 11:137–146

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poulos CX, Parker JL, Le DA (1998) Increased impulsivity after injected alcohol predicts later alcohol consumption in rats: evidence for "loss-of-control drinking" and marked individual differences. Behav Neurosci 112:1247–1257

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Qin Y, Ouyang Q, Pablo J, Mash DC (2005) Cocaine abuse elevates alpha-synuclein and dopamine transporter levels in the human striatum. Neuroreport 16:1489–1493

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramaekers JG, Kuypers KP (2006) Acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on behavioral measures of impulsivity: alone and in combination with alcohol. Neuropsychopharmacology 31:1048–1055

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds B, Richards JB, de Wit H (2006) Acute-alcohol effects on the Experiential Discounting Task (EDT) and a question-based measure of delay discounting. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 83:194–202

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richards JB, Zhang L, Mitchell SH, de Wit H (1999) Delay or probability discounting in a model of impulsive behavior: effect of alcohol. J Exp Anal Behav 71:121–143

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ridderinkhof KR, de Vlugt Y, Bramlage A, Spaan M, Elton M, Snel J, Band GP (2002) Alcohol consumption impairs detection of performance errors in mediofrontal cortex. Science 298:2209–2211

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rivalan M, Ahmed SH, Dellu-Hagedorn F (2009) Risk-prone individuals prefer the wrong options on a rat version of the Iowa Gambling Task. Biol Psychiatry 66:743–749

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salgado JV, Malloy-Diniz LF, Campos VR, Abrantes SS, Fuentes D, Bechara A, Correa H (2009) Neuropsychological assessment of impulsive behavior in abstinent alcohol-dependent subjects. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 31:4–9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez-Roige S, Pena-Oliver Y, Stephens DN (2012) Measuring impulsivity in mice: the five-choice serial reaction time task. Psychopharmacology 219:253–270

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Semenova S (2012) Attention, impulsivity, and cognitive flexibility in adult male rats exposed to ethanol binge during adolescence as measured in the five-choice serial reaction time task: the effects of task and ethanol challenges. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 219:433–442

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Senior SL, Ninkina N, Deacon R, Bannerman D, Buchman VL, Cragg SJ, Wade-Martins R (2008) Increased striatal dopamine release and hyperdopaminergic-like behaviour in mice lacking both alpha-synuclein and gamma-synuclein. Eur J Neurosci 27:947–957

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simon NW, Mendez IA, Setlow B (2007) Cocaine exposure causes long-term increases in impulsive choice. Behav Neurosci 121:543–549

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singleton AB, Farrer M, Johnson J, Singleton A, Hague S, Kachergus J, Hulihan M, Peuralinna T, Dutra A, Nussbaum R, Lincoln S, Crawley A, Hanson M, Maraganore D, Adler C, Cookson MR, Muenter M, Baptista M, Miller D, Blancato J, Hardy J, Gwinn-Hardy K (2003) alpha-Synuclein locus triplication causes Parkinson's disease. Science 302:841

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Solanto MV, Abikoff H, Sonuga-Barke E, Schachar R, Logan GD, Wigal T, Hechtman L, Hinshaw S, Turkel E (2001) The ecological validity of delay aversion and response inhibition as measures of impulsivity in AD/HD: a supplement to the NIMH multimodal treatment study of AD/HD. J Abnorm Child Psychol 29:215–228

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Specht CG, Schoepfer R (2001) Deletion of the alpha-synuclein locus in a subpopulation of C57BL/6 J inbred mice. BMC Neurosci 2:11

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Specht CG, Schoepfer R (2004) Deletion of multimerin-1 in alpha-synuclein-deficient mice. Genomics 83:1176–1178

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steele CM, Southwick L (1985) Alcohol and social behavior I: the psychology of drunken excess. J Pers Soc Psychol 48:18–34

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tchanturia K, Liao PC, Uher R, Lawrence N, Treasure J, Campbell IC (2007) An investigation of decision making in anorexia nervosa using the Iowa Gambling Task and skin conductance measurements. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 13:635–641

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tomie A, Aguado AS, Pohorecky LA, Benjamin D (1998) Ethanol induces impulsive-like responding in a delay-of-reward operant choice procedure: impulsivity predicts autoshaping. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 139:376–382

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Urcelay GP, Dalley JW (2011) Linking ADHD, impulsivity, and drug abuse: a neuropsychological perspective. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. doi:10.1007/7854_2011_119

    Google Scholar 

  • van den Bos R, Lasthuis W, den Heijer E, van der Harst J, Spruijt B (2006) Toward a rodent model of the Iowa gambling task. Behav Res Methods 38:470–478

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Enkhuizen J, Geyer MA, Young JW (2013) Differential effects of dopamine transporter inhibitors in the rodent Iowa gambling task: relevance to mania. Psychopharmacology 225:661–674

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Gaalen MM, Brueggeman RJ, Bronius PF, Schoffelmeer AN, Vanderschuren LJ (2006a) Behavioral disinhibition requires dopamine receptor activation. Psychopharmacology 187:73–85

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Gaalen MM, van Koten R, Schoffelmeer AN, Vanderschuren LJ (2006b) Critical involvement of dopaminergic neurotransmission in impulsive decision making. Biol Psychiatry 60:66–73

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verdejo-Garcia AJ, Perales JC, Perez-Garcia M (2007) Cognitive impulsivity in cocaine and heroin polysubstance abusers. Addict Behav 32:950–966

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker SE, Pena-Oliver Y, Stephens DN (2011) Learning not to be impulsive: disruption by experience of alcohol withdrawal. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 217:433–442

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilhelm CJ, Mitchell SH (2012) Acute ethanol does not always affect delay discounting in rats selected to prefer or avoid ethanol. Alcohol Alcohol 47:518–524

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winstanley CA (2011) The utility of rat models of impulsivity in developing pharmacotherapies for impulse control disorders. Br J Pharmacol 164:1301–1321

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winstanley CA, Eagle DM, Robbins TW (2006) Behavioral models of impulsivity in relation to ADHD: translation between clinical and preclinical studies. Clin Psychol Rev 26:379–395

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zeeb FD, Robbins TW, Winstanley CA (2009) Serotonergic and dopaminergic modulation of gambling behavior as assessed using a novel rat gambling task. Neuropsychopharmacology 34:2329–2343

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zeeb FD, Wong AC, Winstanley CA (2013) Differential effects of environmental enrichment, social-housing, and isolation-rearing on a rat gambling task: dissociations between impulsive action and risky decision-making. Psychopharmacology 225:381–395

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zou F, Chai HS, Younkin CS, Allen M, Crook J, Pankratz VS, Carrasquillo MM, Rowley CN, Nair AA, Middha S, Maharjan S, Nguyen T, Ma L, Malphrus KG, Palusak R, Lincoln S, Bisceglio G, Georgescu C, Kouri N, Kolbert CP, Jen J, Haines JL, Mayeux R, Pericak-Vance MA, Farrer LA, Schellenberg GD, Petersen RC, Graff-Radford NR, Dickson DW, Younkin SG, Ertekin-Taner N (2012) Brain expression genome-wide association study (eGWAS) identifies human disease-associated variants. PLoS Genet 8:e1002707

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the European Commission InterReg Project “Alcobinge”. The AlcoBinge project has been selected within the context of the European programme of crossborder cooperation Interreg IV A France (Channel)–England, which is co-financed by ERDF. For both agencies, the views reported here are those of the authors and not those of the funding agencies. The authors would like to thank Dr. Catharine Winstanley for advising us on the mouse Gambling Task.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK

    Yolanda Peña-Oliver, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, David N. Stephens & Tamzin L. Ripley

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK

    Yolanda Peña-Oliver

Authors
  1. Yolanda Peña-Oliver
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sandra Sanchez-Roige
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. David N. Stephens
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Tamzin L. Ripley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yolanda Peña-Oliver.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Peña-Oliver, Y., Sanchez-Roige, S., Stephens, D.N. et al. Alpha-synuclein deletion decreases motor impulsivity but does not affect risky decision making in a mouse Gambling Task. Psychopharmacology 231, 2493–2506 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-013-3416-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-013-3416-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation