Evaluation of a transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitor in severe obesity

Abstract

Objective

To determine the reliability of estimating arterial CO₂ pressure (PaCO₂) using a recently introduced transcutaneous CO₂ pressure (PtcCO₂) monitor in severe obese patients.

Design

Observational and interventional study.

Setting

District hospital with respiratory ward and bariatric surgery unit.

Patients and methods

PtcCO₂ was measured in 35 obese patients with varied pathology, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and hypoventilation syndrome. Ten minutes after the probe had been attached to an earlobe, PtcCO₂ was recorded immediately before arterial blood sampling. The PtcCO₂ and PaCO₂ values obtained with two methods were compared by Bland–Altman analysis. In a subgroup of 18 obese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with moderate to severe hypercapnia both PtcCO₂ and PaCO₂ were re-evaluated during continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) or bi-level positive airway pressure (Bi-PAP) treatment.

Results

The mean difference between PaCO₂ and PtcCO₂ was −1.4 mmHg, and the standard deviation of the difference was 1.3 mmHg. Bland–Altman analysis showed generally good agreement between the two methods with a 95% limit of agreement of −4 to 1.1. The agreement between methods did not significantly change before and during cPAP or Bi-PAP treatment in hypercapnic patients.

Conclusions

The accuracy of estimation of PaCO₂ by transcutaneous monitoring was generally good in comparison with standard arterial blood gases examination. The device appears to be promising for use in obese patients to evaluate abnormalities in their alveolar ventilation.