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Neurologische Komplikationen der HIV-Infektion

Neurological complications of HIV infection

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Zusammenfassung

Nach Einführung der modernen hochaktiven antiretroviralen Therapie (HAART) in die Behandlung der HIV („human immunodeficiency virus“) -Infektion im Jahre 1996 kam es zunächst zu einer Abnahme von Prävalenz und Inzidenz neurologischer Komplikationen dieser weltweit verbreiteten Infektionskrankheit. Im Lauf der folgenden Jahre nahm zunächst die Prävalenz, dann aber auch die Inzidenz, insbesondere der HIV-assoziierten Demenz, schrittweise wieder zu.

Heutzutage beschäftigen den Neurologen vor allen Dingen die HIV-assoziierten neurokognitiven Störungen, depressive Verstimmungszustände, HIV-assoziierte Polyneuropathien und Muskelerkrankungen, opportunistische Infektionen des Gehirns (Toxoplasmose, Kryptokokkose, Zytomegalievirusinfektion, progressive multifokale Leukenzephalopathie [PML]), in steigendem Maß die Neurosyphilis und das so genannte Immunrekonstitutionssyndrom (IRIS), die somit Gegenstand dieser Übersichtsarbeit sein sollen.

Summary

After the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the treatment of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection in 1996, neurological complications of this worldwide infectious disease declined in incidence and prevalence. During the following years however, prevalence and finally also incidence, especially of HIV-associated dementia and its precursor stages, rose again. Nowadays neurologists are confronted with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, depression, polyneuropathies and muscle disease, opportunistic brain infections (toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, cytomegalovirus infection, progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy), rising rates of neurosyphilis, and the so-called immune reconstitution syndrome which therefore are topics of this review.

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  1. Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland

    G. Arendt

  2. Psychiatrische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum, Düsseldorf, Deutschland

    T. Nolting

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  1. G. Arendt
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  2. T. Nolting
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Correspondence to G. Arendt.

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Arendt, G., Nolting, T. Neurologische Komplikationen der HIV-Infektion. Nervenarzt 79, 1449–1463 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-008-2588-x

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