Zusammenfassung
Der Geruchssinn gehört zu den phylogenetisch ältesten Sinnen des Menschen. Es gibt, vor allem im Vergleich zu den übrigen Sinnessystemen, aber nur wenige Untersuchungen zu seiner Anatomie und Funktion. In den letzten Jahren gelangen jedoch enorme Fortschritte im Verständnis der Teilvorgänge des Riechvorganges: vom ersten Kontakt der Duftstoffe mit den Rezeptorzellen der Nasenschleimhaut über die olfaktorische Signalkaskade bis hin zur zentralnervösen Verarbeitung von olfaktorischen Reizen. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über diese Prozesse. Er beschäftigt sich mit der Anatomie und Physiologie des Geruchssystems des Menschen, das hauptsächlich Wahrnehmungen aus zwei neuronalen Systemen – dem olfaktorischen und dem trigeminalen System – integriert. Es werden sowohl aktuelle molekularbiologische Untersuchungen als auch funktionelle bildgebende Studien am Menschen berücksichtigt.
Summary
The sense of smell is one of the phylogenetically oldest human senses. Nevertheless the number of publications regarding olfaction is marginal compared with other sensory systems. In recent years, however, there have been enormous advances in understanding the main olfactory processes. These range from the first contact of odorants with receptor cells in the nasal mucosa to the olfactory signal cascade to the processing of olfactory stimuli in the central nervous system. This article focuses on anatomy and physiology of the human sense of smell, which consists mostly of sensory input from two neural systems – the olfactory and trigeminal systems. It considers recent biomolecular experiments and functional neuroimaging studies in humans.
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Danksagung
Die Autoren sind Daniela Gottmann für die kritische Durchsicht des Manuskriptes zu Dank verpflichtet. Teile dieser Arbeit entstanden im Rahmen der Dissertation von Frau Jessica Albrecht an der Medizinischen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (in Vorbereitung).
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Albrecht, J., Wiesmann, M. Das olfaktorische System des Menschen. Nervenarzt 77, 931–939 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-006-2121-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-006-2121-z