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Fossil proxies of near-shore sea surface temperatures and seasonality from the late Neogene Antarctic shelf

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Abstract

We evaluate the available palaeontological and geochemical proxy data from bivalves, bryozoans, silicoflagellates, diatoms and cetaceans for sea surface temperature (SST) regimes around the nearshore Antarctic coast during the late Neogene. These fossils can be found in a number of shallow marine sedimentary settings from three regions of the Antarctic continent, the northern Antarctic Peninsula, the Prydz Bay region and the western Ross Sea. Many of the proxies suggest maximum spring–summer SSTs that are warmer than present by up to 5 °C, which would result in reduced seasonal sea ice. The evidence suggests that the summers on the Antarctic shelf during the late Neogene experienced most of the warming, while winter SSTs were little changed from present. Feedbacks from changes in summer sea ice cover may have driven much of the late Neogene ocean warming seen in stratigraphic records. Synthesized late Neogene and earliest Quaternary Antarctic shelf proxy data are compared to the multi-model SST estimates of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) Experiment 2. Despite the fragmentary geographical and temporal context for the SST data, comparisons between the SST warming in each of the three regions represented in the marine palaeontological record of the Antarctic shelf and the PlioMIP climate simulations show a good concordance.

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Acknowledgements

NAC thanks the Department of Geology at the University of Leicester for funding this research project. Thanks are also extended to the British Geology Survey Climate Change programme and the National Environment Research Council (NERC) Isotope Geosciences Laboratory (NIGL) for advice and the use of facilities for isotope analysis. Personal thanks go to Ian Millar from the British Geological Survey for helping with the strontium dating of bivalve shells from James Ross Island. We also appreciate the work and collaboration from the Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) and the Pliocene Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison (PlioMIP) projects as well as discussions facilitated by associated conferences especially with H. Dowsett (USGS). DH acknowledges the Leverhulme Trust for provision of an Early Career Fellowship (ECF-2011-205), and acknowledges financial support by the British Geological Survey and National Centre for Atmospheric Science. We are very grateful for the constructive comments of four reviewers and the journal editors that have greatly improved the clarity of our paper.

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  1. Department of Geology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK

    Nicola A. Clark, Mark Williams, John L. Smellie, Jan Zalasiewicz & Melanie J. Leng

  2. School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK

    Daniel J. Hill

  3. British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK

    Daniel J. Hill & Melanie J. Leng

  4. School of Earth Sciences, Sandy Bay Campus, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia

    Patrick G. Quilty

  5. Climate and Landscape Change, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK

    Michael A. Ellis

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Communicated by: Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand

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Clark, N.A., Williams, M., Hill, D.J. et al. Fossil proxies of near-shore sea surface temperatures and seasonality from the late Neogene Antarctic shelf. Naturwissenschaften 100, 699–722 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-013-1075-9

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