Zusammenfassung
Thromboembolische Ereignisse als Folge intravasaler Thrombusbildung stellen eine klinisch bedeutsame Komplikation kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen dar. Therapeutisch kommen einerseits Heparine anderseits orale Antikoagulanzien zum klinischen Einsatz. Beide Substanzklassen sind in der Prävention und Behandlung venöser und arterieller thromboembolischen Erkrankungen wirksam. Neuere Wirkstoffe wie z. B. direkte Thrombininhibitoren wurden in den letzten Jahren mit zunehmender Intensität und bei spezifischen kardiologischen Fragestellungen klinisch geprüft, können aber derzeit noch nicht für eine Routineanwendung im klinischen Alltag empfohlen werden. Im Gegensatz zu den Antikoagulanzien werden Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer fast ausschließlich bei arteriellen thromboembolischen Erkrankungen eingesetzt. Die größten klinischen Erfahrungen liegen mit Acetylsalicylsäure vor, doch haben inzwischen neue Thrombozyteninhibitoren, wie Thienopyridine und Glykoprotein IIb/IIIa-Rezeptor-Antagonisten einen hohen Stellenwert in der Behandlung der koronaren Herzkrankheit, letztere v. a. beim akuten Koronarsyndrom. Die individuelle Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung hat stets das erhöhte Blutungsrisiko unter der Therapie zu berücksichtigen.
Abstract
Thromboembolic events are a major complication of cardiovascular diseases. Secondary prevention of thromboembolic complications can be achieved by anticoagulation with heparin or vitamin-K-antagonists. A new class of direct thrombin inhibitors has been recently introduced into clinical medicine. Clinical studies have demonstrated theses agents to be comparable in efficacy for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism. However, the results of ongoing trials are awaited in helping to define the place of direct thrombin inhibitors in secondary prevention. Antiplatelet therapy constitutes the cornerstone in the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes and generally high-risk patients with atherothrombosis. Until recently, long-term antiplatelet therapy for the treatment and prevention of atherothrombotic disease was traditionally limited to aspirin. The availability of the thienopyridines and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors represents an important addition to the physician’s armamentarium. Due to the increased risk of major bleeding, for each patient the decision of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy must be tightly correlated to the individual benefit-risk ratio.
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Ein Erratum zu diesem Beitrag können Sie unter http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00108-006-1645-4 finden.
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Weil, J., Schunkert, H. Antikoagulation zur Sekundärprävention. Internist 46, 1310–1317 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-005-1518-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-005-1518-2
Schlüsselwörter
- Vitamin-K-Antagonisten
- Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer
- Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen
- Sekundärprophylaxe
- Blutungsrisiko