Zusammenfassung
Das endoskopische transmurale Débridement und andere weniger invasive Therapien infizierter postpankreatitischer Nekrosen wurden im letzten Jahrzehnt als Alternative zur offenen Chirurgie entwickelt. In etlichen großen Kliniken ist das endoskopische Vorgehen heute die Therapie der 1. Wahl. Die Letalität liegt in den publizierten Serien zwischen 0 und 15%, die Rate an notwendigen Operationen zwischen 0 und 40%.
Von 73 eigenen in den Jahren 2006 bis 2010 endoskopisch behandelten Patienten wurden 4 wegen Blutungen, 2 mit akutem Abdomen und 3 mit Sepsis operiert, 6 starben im Multiorganversagen, davon 3 trotz Operation. Komplikationen des endoskopischen Vorgehens waren Blutungen (n=20) und akutes Abdomen (n=7); sie wurden mehrheitlich konservativ behandelt. Es gab keine eingriffsbezogene Letalität. Bei 59 Patienten (80%) war die endoskopische Therapie erfolgreich. Von diesen waren bei 7 aufgrund zystischer Rezidive im Langzeitverlauf erneute endoskopisch-transmurale Eingriffe erforderlich.
Die beste Kombination aus endoskopisch-transmuralem, perkutanem und laparoskopischem und zuletzt manchmal offen-chirurgischem Vorgehen muss zurzeit für jeden Einzelfall interdisziplinär gefunden werden. Für diesen „step-up approach“ spricht auch die bisher einzige randomisierte Studie zu diesem Thema.
Abstract
The transmural endoscopic debridement and other minimally invasive therapies of infected postpancreatic necroses have been developed over the last decade as alternatives to open surgery. In several clinical centers the endoscopic approach has become standard therapy. The mortality rate in published series is in the range 0–15% and additional surgery is needed in 0–40%.
Out of 73 own patients treated endoscopically between 2006 and 2010, 4 were operated because of bleeding, 2 with an acute abdomen and 3 with sepsis. Of the patients 6 died because of multi-organ failure and in 3 cases despite surgery. Main complications such as bleeding (n=20) and acute abdomen (n=7) were mostly treated conservatively. There was no procedure-related mortality. The endoscopic therapy was successful in 59 patients (80%) of whom 7 required further transmural endoscopic interventions for cystic relapses.
At present, finding the best combination of endoscopic-transmural, percutaneous, laparoscopic and sometimes finally open surgical therapy remains an interdisciplinary challenge. The only randomized study published in this context clearly indicates that such a step-up approach is the most favorable.
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Dahl, B., Seifert, H. Pankreasnekrose: Pro endoskopische Therapie. Chirurg 82, 500–506 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-010-2061-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-010-2061-9