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Würde in der Begleitung schwer kranker und sterbender Patienten

Begriffsbestimmung und supportive Interventionen in der palliativen Versorgung

Dignity in the care of terminal ill and dying patients. Definitions and supportive interventions in palliative care

  • Leitthema: Palliative Versorgung in Deutschland
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Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Für die meisten Patienten, für ihre Angehörigen und professionellen sowie ehrenamtlichen Betreuer sind eine würdevolle Behandlung und ein würdevolles Sterben ein übergeordnetes und nicht in Frage zu stellendes Ziel der palliativen Versorgung. Obwohl viele Menschen eine mehr oder weniger vage Vorstellung davon haben, was Würde ist, finden sich trotz der Bedeutsamkeit des Gegenstands wenige empirische Arbeiten, die diesen Begriff aus Sicht der betroffenen Patienten und der professionellen sowie ehrenamtlichen Behandler beschreiben. Definitionen und individuelle Beschreibungen des Konzepts Würde sind jedoch als Anstoß für Verbesserungen der gegenwärtigen Praxis der palliativen Versorgung z. B. durch die Entwicklung und Evaluation psychotherapeutischer Interventionen für schwer- und todkranke Patienten sowie für die Allokation von Ressourcen sehr wichtig. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über das international entwickelte empiriebasierte Modell der Würde schwer- und todkranker Patienten von Chochinov et al. und veranschaulicht das Verständnis des Begriffs sowie subjektive Einflussnahmemöglichkeiten auf die Würde der Patienten aus Sicht der Behandler. Es werden Interventionen vorgestellt, die spezifisch entwickelt wurden, um die Würde von Patienten im Rahmen der palliativen Versorgung bewahren zu helfen.

Abstract

Most patients, family members, health care professional as well as volunteers would agree that dignified care and being allowed to die with dignity are superior and unquestionable goals of palliative care. Although the majority of people have a more or less vague concept of dignity and despite its significance for palliative care, only a few empirical approaches to describe the sense of dignity from patients-and health care professionals-perspectives have been undertaken. However, individual descriptions of the dignity concept and definitions can serve as an impetus to improve the current palliative care practice by the development and evaluation of psychotherapeutic interventions for patients near the end of life and the allocation of resources. This article considers an internationally developed empirical-based model of dignity in severe and terminal ill patients by Chochinov et al. Furthermore, it illustrates the understanding of dignity as well as self-perceived exertions of influence on a patient’s dignity from the perspective of health care professionals and volunteers. Psychotherapeutic interventions and strategies are introduced that can help conserve the sense of dignity of patients during palliative care.

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Mehnert, A., Schröder, A.S., Puhlmann, K. et al. Würde in der Begleitung schwer kranker und sterbender Patienten. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 49, 1087–1096 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-006-0069-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-006-0069-6

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