Abstract
The fossil record for angiosperm pollen types which are comparable to recent taxa is evaluated, following a similar survey published in 1970. Special attention is paid to the dating of the sediments. Evidence for 139 families is considered to be reliable, for others the records are cited as provisional, pending the accumulation of more evidence. Some published records are shown to be erroneous.
In the early Cretaceous only types occur indicating the presence of plants ancestral to Magnoliidae and Liliatae. In the Turonian increased differentiation is evident, culminating in the Maestrichtian when evidence for the presence of most major taxa of angiosperms is available. In the Tertiary diversification at lower taxonomic level continues and identification with living taxa becomes more certain. Herbaceous groups tend to appear later in the record than woody ones.
Résumé
Notre connaissance des types de pollen fossile d’Angiospermes qui peuvent être identifiés avec des taxons vivants est evaluée suivant un aperçu pareil publié en 1970. On s’est occupé spécialement de la détermination de_ l’âge des sediments. Les données pour 139 familles sont acceptées comme dignes de confiance, pour d’autres les données sont citées comme étant provisoires, en attendant l’accumulation de plus d’évidence. Quelques données publiées se sont avérées êtres fausses.
Dans le Crétacé inférieur on trouve seulement des types qui indiquent la présence de plantes ancestrales aux Magnoliidae et Liliatae. Dans le Turonien une plus grande différentiation est évidente, qui culmine dans le Maestrichtien, quand on a des indications de la présence de la plupart des taxons principaux des Angiospermes. Pendant le Tertiaire la diversification à des niveaux taxonomiques inférieurs continue et l’identification avec des taxons vivants devient plus sûre. Les groupes herbacées ont la tendance d’apparaître plus tard dans la succession stratigraphique que les groupes ligneuses.
Resúmen
Los datos sobre la distribución de tipos fósiles de pólen de los Angiospermos que son comparables a los taxa recientes son evaluados en continuación de una compilación semejante publicada en 1970.
Los métodos usados para fechar los sedimentos son estudiados con mucha atención. La evidencia para la presencia de 139 familias es considerada como cierta, para algunas otras familias los datos son considerados como provisionales, en espera de la acumulación de más información. Algunos datos publicados son demostrados como equivocados.
En el Cretáceo inferior solamente se encuentran tipos indicativos de la presencia de plantas ancestrales a los Magnoliidae y Liliatae. En el Turoniense es evidente un aumento en la differenciación, y ésto culmina en el Maestrichtiano cuando se hallan presentes la mayoría de los taxa superiores de los Angiospermos. En el Terciario la diversificación en niveles taxonómicos inferiores continúa, y la identificatión con taxa recientes se vuelve mas segura. Los grupos herbáceos tienden a aparecer más tarde que los grupos leñosos en la sucesión estratigráfica.
Zusammenfassung
Der Rekord fossiler Pollen-Typen der Angiospermen, die mit rezenten Taxa vergleichbar sind, wird ausgewertet, ähnlich wie dies in einer bereits 1970 erschienenen Veröffentlichung geschehen ist. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wurde der Datierung der Sedimente gewidmet. Eine Übereinstimmung wird für 139 Familien für zuverlässig gehalten, für andere Familien wird diese als vorläufig angesehen, d.h. abhängig von der Häufung von mehr Gegebenheiten in der Zukunft. Einige früher veröffentlichte Rekorde werden als irrtümlich nachgewiesen.
In der unteren Kreide kommen nur Pollen-Typen vor, welche die Anwesenheit von Pflanzen zeigen, die Vorläufer von Magnoliideae und Liliatae sind. Im Turon wird eine zunehmende Differenzierung deutlich, die im Maestrichtien kulminiert, in welcher die Anwesenheit der meisten höheren Angiospermen-Taxa deutlich wird. Im Tertiär setzt sich eine Differenzierung auf einem tieferen taxonomischen Niveau fort, und die Identität mit rezenten Taxa wird gewisser. Krautige Gruppen neigen dazu, später aufzutreten als Holzpflanzen.
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Muller, J. Fossil pollen records of extant angiosperms. Bot. Rev 47, 1 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02860537
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02860537