Skip to main content
Log in

Police personality: What is it and why are they like that?

  • Published:
Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Debate has swirled around the issue of the term “Police Personality.” The debate over this has been mainly over the issues of definition and development; i.e., what is a police personality and how does it form? Is it a predispositional model of personality or is it created by the nature of the work itself (an occupational-socialization model)? Perhaps the issue is not as simply dichotomous as that; perhaps it is a combination of both predisposition and experiences that forms this elusive personality. This paper will review the relevant literature pertaining to police personality, both predispositional notions and job created notions, as well as the literature on personality theories in a broader perspective.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allport, G. (1937).Personality: A psychological interpretation. New York: Henry Holt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ankony, R.C., (1997). The impact of alienation on police officers' sense of mastery and their subsequent willingness to participate in proactive enforcement.Dissertations Abstracts International,58(3). (UMI No. 9725811).

  • Balch, R. (1977). The police personality: Fact or fiction. In D.B. Kennedy (Ed.).The dysfunctional alliance: Emotion and reason in justice administration. (pp. 10–25). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrick, M.R. & Mount, M.K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis.Personal Psychology, 44, 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartol, C.R. (1991). Police psychology: Then, now and beyond.Criminal Justice and Behavior, 23, 70–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, R.R. & Greenstein, T., (1975). The police personality: A test of the predispositional model.Journal of Police Science and Administration, 3(4), 439–445.

    Google Scholar 

  • Behrend, K.R. (1980) Police cynicism: A cancer in law enforcement?FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, August 1980.

  • Briere, J. (1998).Inventory of Altered Self-Capacities: A professional manual. Odessa, Fl.: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broderick, J.J. (1977).Police in a time of change. Memstown, NJ: General Learning Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, M.K. (1988).Working the street: Police discretion and the dilemmas of reform. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crank, J.P., (1997). “Celebrating agency culture: Engaging a traditional cop's heart in organizational change.” Pp. 49–57. inCommunity policing in a rural setting, Thurman, Q.C. & McGarrell, E.F., Eds. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Detrick, P., Chibnall, J.T., & Rosso, M. (2001). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality-2 in police officer selection and relation to the Inwald Personality Inventory.Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 32(5), 484–490.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gould, L.A., (2000). A longitudinal approach to the study of police personality: Race/gender differences.Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 15(1) 41–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, J.R. (1987).The MMPI: A practical guide (2 nd Ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graves, W. (1996). Police cynicism: Causes and cures.FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 65(6),pp.17–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, T.C. (1975). Selecting for a police subculture, in Skolnick, J.H., & Gray, T.C., eds.:Police in America. Boston: Educational Associates, p. 46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanewicz, W.B. (1978). Police personality: A Jungian perspective.Crime and Delinquency, April 1978, 152–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hargrave, G.E. & Hiatt, D. (1989). Use of the California Psychological Inventory in law enforcement officer selection.Journal of Personality Assessment, 53(2), 267–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ho, Taiping, (2001). The interrelationships of psychological testing, psychologists' recommendations, and police departments' recruitment decistions.Police Quarterly, 4(3), 318–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hogan, R. & Kurtines, W. (1975). Personological correlates of police effectiveness.The Journal of Psychology 91, 289–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, G.A. (1955).The psychology of personal constructs, vols. 1 and 2. New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohut, H. (1977).The restoration of the self. New York: International Universities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohut, H. & Wolff, E. (1978). The disorders of the self and their treatment: an outline.The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 59, 413–425.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kureczka, A.W. (2002). Surviving assaults: After the physical battle ends, the psychological battle begins.FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 00145688, 71(1), 18–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lester, D.S., Babcock, D., Cassisi, J.P., Genz, J.L. & Butler, J.P. (1980). The personalities of English and American police.The Journal of Social Psychology, 111, 153–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McQuilkin, J.I., Russell, V.L., Frost, A.G., & Faust, W.R. (1990). Psychological test validity for selecting law enforcement officers.Journal of Police Science and Administration, 17, 289–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monte, C.F. (1999).Beneath the mask: An introduction to theories of personality, 6 th Ed. New York: Harcourt Brace.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mufson, D. & Mufson, M.A. (1998). Predicting police officer performance using the Inwald Personality Inventory: An illustration.Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 29(1), 59–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muir, W.K., Jr., (1977).Police: Streetcorner politicians. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paoline, E.A., Myers, S.M. & Worden, R.E., (2000). Police culture, Individualism, and Community policing: Evidence from two police departments.Justice Quarterly: JQ, 17(3), 575–605.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perrot, S.B. & Taylor, D.M., (1994). Ethnocentrism and authoritarianism in the police: Challenging stereotypes and reconceptualizing ingroup identification.Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24, 1640–1664.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reiner, R. (1992).The politics of the police, 2nd Edition, Sussex: St. Martins Press, Ch. 3, pp. 107–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rokeach, M., Miller, M.G. & Snyder, J.A. (1971). The value gap between the police and the policed.Journal of Social Issues, 27, 155–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, J.G. (1974). Police identity and the police role. In Goldsmith, J. & Goldsmith, S.S. (Ed.)The police community: Dimensions of an occupational subculture. Pacific Palisades, CA.: Palisades Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skolnick, J. (1966).Justice without trial. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skolnick, J. (1977). A sketch of the policeman's “Working Personality”. In D.B. Kennedy (Ed.).The dysfunctional alliance: Emotion and reason in justice administration. (pp. 10–25). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skolnick, J., (2000). Code Blue.The American Prospect,11(10).

  • Watson, N.A. & Sterliing, (1969).Police and their opinions. Washington, D.C.: International Association of Chiefs of Police.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, P.A., (2002). Potential uses of the Rorschach in the selection of police officers.Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 17(2), 63–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, S.O., (1972). A perspective on police professionalism.Law and Society Review 7 (Fall), 61–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aviva Twersky-Glasner M.A..

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Twersky-Glasner, A. Police personality: What is it and why are they like that?. J Police Crim Psych 20, 56–67 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02806707

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02806707

Keywords

Navigation