Abstract
Intravaginal electrical stimulation (IVS) was used in the cat to induce bladder inhibition and urethral closure. The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of alternating constant-voltage pulses of different durations (0·1, 0·2, 0·5 and 5 ms) with that of chopped alternating pulses, each consisting of a train of five 0·5 ms pulses with 0·5 ms pauses between. The voltage requirement for an equal biological effect was lowest for the 5 ms alternating pulse, whereas the pulse power dissipation was lowest for the 0·1 ms pulse, about 10 per cent of that for the 5 ms pulse. If both voltage requirement and power dissipation are taken into account, the 0·5 ms pulse was considered the most appropriate compromise. The chopped pulse was the least efficient stimulus, since the threshold voltage was comparable to that of the 0·5 ms duration alternating pulse, implying a five times higher power dissipation. For bladder inhibition, the optimal stimulation frequency for alternating pulses was 10 Hz, both in terms of threshold voltage and power consumption. For urethral closure the voltage requirement was lowest at 50 Hz but 20 Hz was preferable in terms of power dissipation for an equal, although submaximal, effect.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander, S., Rowan, D., Millar, W. andScott, R. (1970) Treatment of urinary incontinence by electric pessary. A report of 18 cases.Br. J. Urol.,42, 184–190.
Caldwell, K. P. S., Cook P. J., Flack, F. C. andJames, E. D. (1968) Stress incontinence in females: report on 31 cases treated by electrical implant.J. Obstet. Gynaec. Br. Cwlth.,75, 777–780.
Collins, C. D. (1972) Observation on the effect of electrical stimulation.Proc. R. Soc. Med.,65, 832–833.
Collins, C. D. (1974) Intermittent electrical stimulation.Urol. Int.,29, 221.
de Backer, E. (1973) La correction de l'incontinence des urines par les stimulateurs electroniques sphincteriens. XVI Congrès de la Societé Internationale d'Urologie, Amsterdam, 191.
Doyle, P. T., Edwards, L. E., Harrison, N. W., Malvern, J. andStanton, S. L. (1974) Treatment of urinary incontinence by external stimulating devices.Urol. Int.,29, 450–457.
Erlandson, B.-E. andFall, M. (1977) Intravaginal electrical stimulation in urinary incontinence. An experimental and clinical study.Scand. J. Urol. Neph., Suppl. 44, Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, Sweden.
Erlandson, B.-E., Fall, M. andCarlsson, C.-A. (1977a) The effect of intravaginal electrical stimulation on the feline urethra and urinary bladder. Electrical parameters.-—Ibid., Suppl. 44, Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, Sweden, 5–18.
Erlandson, B.-E., Fall, M. andSundin, T. (1977b) Intravaginal electrical stimulation. Clinical experiments on urethral closure. —Ibid., Suppl. 44, Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, Sweden, 31–40.
Erlanger, J. andGasser, H. S. (1937)Electrical signs of nervous activity. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
Fall, M., Erlandson, B.-E., Carlsson, C.-A. andLindström, S. (1977a) The effect of intravaginal electrical stimulation in the feline urethra and urinary bladder. Neuronal mechanisms.Scand. J. Urol. Neph., Suppl. 44, Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, Sweden, 19–30.
Fall, M., Erlandson, B.-E., Sundin, T. andWaagstein, F. (1977b) Intravaginal electrical stimulation. Clinical experiments on bladder inhibition.-—Ibid., Suppl. 44, Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, Sweden, 31–40.
Fall, M., Erlandson, B.-E., Nilson, A. E. andSundin, T. (1977c) Long-term intravaginal electrical stimulation in urge and stress incontinence.-—Ibid., Suppl. 44, Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, Sweden, 55–63.
Fall, M., Ahlström, K., Carlsson, C.-A., Ek, A., Erlandson, B.-E., Frankenberg, S. andMattiasson, A. (1985) Contellepelvic floor stimulation for stress-urge incontinence. A multicenter study.J. Urol., (in press).
Gasser, H. S. (1938) Recruitment of nerve fibers.Am. J. Physiol.,121, 193–202.
Hopkinson, B. R. (1972) Electric treatment of incontinence using an external stimulator with intra-anal electrodes.Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Eng.,50, 92–111.
Lindström, S., Fall, M., Carlsson, C.-A. andErlandson, B.-E.. (1983) The neurophysiological basis of bladder inhibition in response to intravaginal electrical stimulation.J. Urol.,129, 405–410.
Lindström, S., Fall, M., Carlsson, C.-A. andErlandson, B.-E.. (1984) Rhythmic activity in pelvic afferents to the bladder. An experimental study in the cat with reference to the clinical condition unstable bladder.Urol. Int.,39, 272–279.
Oliver, L. M., Blaivas, J. G., McGuire, E. J. andSusset, J. G. (1984) Functional vaginal electrical stimulation (FVES) for the treatment of frequency and incontinence in women. American College of Urologists, Urodynamics Society, UDS 6th Symposium, New Orleans, USA.J. Urol.,131, 222A.
Riddle, P. R., Hill, D. W. andWallace, D. M. (1969) Electronic techniques for the control of adult urinary incontinence.Br. J. Urol.,41, 205.
Sotiropoulus, A., Yeaw, S. andLattimer, J. K. (1976) Management of urinary incontinence with electronic stimulation: observations and results.J. Urol.,116, 747–750.
Suhel, P., Rakovec, S., Kralj, B., Plevnik, S. andStatler, J. (1975) New system for the correction of urinary incontinence using FES. Proceedings of Vth Symposium on External Control of Human Extremities, ETAN, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, 1975.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ohlsson, B., Lindström, S., Erlandson, B.E. et al. Effects of some different pulse parameters on bladder inhibition and urethral closure during intravaginal electrical stimulation: an experimental study in the cat. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 24, 27–33 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02441602
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02441602