Summary
An investigation of persistent cell deaths of BHK 21 suspension cells during subculturing resulted in the isolation of a viral agent. The agent was isolated from samples of dead cells, cell growth media and 2 batches of calf serum. It was established that the agent was associated with the use of certain batches of calf serum. The isolated virus was found to replicate effectively only in rapidly growing BHK cell cultures. In monolayers it caused the formation of large intranuclear inclusion bodies. The isolate was a strong haemagglutinin; it was stable to ether, chloroform, pH 3 and heating at 56° C. It was shown to be a DNA-virus and by electron-microscopy it was evident as unenveloped spherical, small particles (21 nm in diameter). In sucrose density gradients the virus sedimented as 2 peaks at approximately 114S and 85-92S, and by caesium chloride equilibrium centrifugation, two main peaks at densities of 1.39 and 1.31 g/ml were evident with a minor peak at 1.35. The capsid of the complete virion consisted of 3 polypeptides. The agent has therefore been provisionally designated a member of the Parvoviridae family, genus parvovirus. Serologically it was found to be related to MVM. The isolated parvovirus was inactivated by 0.05 per cent peracetic acid and 0.05 per cent acetylethyleneimine.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bachmann, P. E., Hoggan, M. D., Melnick, J. L., Pereira, H. G., Vago, C.: Parvoviridae. Intervirology5, 83–92 (1975).
Bachrach, H. L., Moore, D. M., McKercher, P. D., Polatnick, J.: Immune and antibody responses to an isolated capsid protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus. J. Immunol.115, 1636–1641 (1975).
Booth, J. C., Pay, T. W. F., Hedger, R. S., Barnett, I. T.: The use of the haemagglutination inhibition test for detecting antibodies to type SAT 2 foot-and-mouth disease viruses in cattle sera. J. Hyg. Camb.74, 115–122 (1975).
Briefman, L., Kline, M. A., Hull, R. N.: The virucidal properties of peracetic acid. Amer. J. clin. Pathol.33, 30–33 (1960).
Brown, F., Cartwright, B., Stewart, D. L.: The effect of various inactivating agents on the viral and ribonucleic acid infectivities of foot-and-mouth disease virus and on its attachment to susceptible cells. J. gen. Microbiol.31, 179–186 (1963).
Capstick, P. B., Garland, A. J., Masters, R. C., Chapman, W. G.: Some functional and morphological alterations occurring during and after the adaptation of BHK21 clone 13 cells to suspension culture. Exp. Cell Res.44, 119–128 (1966).
Clinton, G. M., Hayashi, M.: The parvovirus MVM: Particles with altered structural proteins. Virology66, 261–267 (1975).
Clinton, G. M., Hayashi, M.: The parvovirus MVM: A comparison of heavy and light particle infectivity and their density conversionin vitro. Virology74, 57–63 (1976).
Crawford, L. V.: A minute virus of mice. Virology29, 605–612 (1966).
Crawford, L. V., Follett, E. A. C., Burdon, M. G., McGeogh, D. J.: The DNA of a minute virus of mice. J. gen. Virol.4, 37–46 (1969).
Croghan, D. L., Matchett, A., Koski, T. A.: Isolation of porcine parvovirus from commercial trypsin. Appl. Microbiol.26, 431–433 (1973).
Hallauer, C., Kronauer, G.: Nachweis eines nicht identifizierten Hämagglutinins in menschlichen Tumor-Zellstämmen. Arch. ges. Virusforsch.11, 754–756 (1962).
Hallauer, C., Kronauer, G., Siegl, G.: Parvoviruses as contaminants of permanent human cell lines. I. Virus isolation from 1960–1970. Arch. ges. Virusforsch.35, 80–90 (1971).
Hallauer, C., Siegl, G., Kronauer, G.: Parvoviruses as contaminants of permanent human cell lines. III. Biological properties of the isolated viruses. Arch. ges. Virusforsch.38, 366–382 (1972).
Harris, R. E., Coleman, P. H., Morahan, P. S.: Stability of minute virus of mice to chemical and physical agents. Appl. Microbiol.28, 351–354 (1974).
Hoggan, D. M.: In:Maramorosch, K., Kurstak, E. (eds.), Comparative Virology, Ch. 2: Small DNA viruses. New York: Academic Press 1971.
Johnson, R. H.: Feline panleucopaenia. I. Identification of a virus associated with the syndrome. Res. vet. Sci.6, 466–471 (1965).
Lennette, E. H., Schmidt, N. J.: Diagnostic procedures for viral and rickettsial infections. 4th Edition. Published by American Public Health Association. Inc. 1969.
MacPherson, I. A., Stoker, M. G. P.: Polyoma transformation of hamster cell clones—an investigation of genetic factors affecting cell competence. Virology16, 147–151 (1962).
Maizel, J. V., jr.: In: Methods in Virology, Vol. 5, 179. New York: Academic Press 1971.
Matsunaga, Y., Matsuno, S., Mukoyama, J.: Isolation and characterisation of a parvovirus of rabbits. Infect. Immun.18, 495–500 (1977).
Mayr, A., Bachmann, P. A., Siegl, G., Mahnel, H., Shefly, B. E.: Characterisation of a small porcine DNA virus. Arch. ges. Virusforsch.25, 38–51 (1968).
Morimoto, T., Fujisaki, Y., Ito, Y., Tanaka, Y.: Biological and physicochemical properties of porcine parvovirus recovered from stillborn piglets. Nat. Inst. Anim. Hlth. Quart.12, 137–144 (1972).
Parker, J. C., Collins, M. J., Cross, S. S., Rowe, W. P.: Minute virus of mice. II. Prevalence, epidemiology and occurrence as a contaminant of transplanted tumours. J. Nat. Canc. Inst.45, 305–310 (1970).
Rweyemamu, M. M., Loretu, K.: Isolation of “non-syncitia forming” herpes viruses from cattle in Tanzania. J. comp. Pathol.83, 377–386 (1973).
Schweizer, H., Sprossiy, M., Mucke, H., Wutzler, P.: Peracetic acid as sterilising agent for culture serum. Nature New Biology240, 61–62 (1972).
Shapiro, A. L., Vinuela, E., Maizel, J. V., jr.: Molecular weight estimation of polypeptide chains by electrophoresis in SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun.28, 815–820 (1967).
Siegl, G.: The parvoviruses. Virology Monographs, Vol. 15. Wien-New York: Springer 1976.
Siegl, G., Hallauer, C., Novak, A., Kronauer, G.: Parvoviruses as contaminants of permanent human cell lines. II. Physicochemical properties of the isolated virus. Arch. ges. Virusforsch.35, 91–103 (1971).
Studdert, M. J., Peterson, J. E.: Some properties of feline panleukopaenia virus. Arch. ges. Virusforsch.42, 346–354 (1973).
Tattersall, P. J., Ward, D. C., Shatkin, A. J.: Sequence overlap between the structural polypeptides of the minute virus of mice. Abstr. Third. Int. Congr. Virology, Madrid, 183, 1975.
Tattersall, P. J., Cawte, P. J., Shatkin, A., Ward, D. C.: Three structural polypeptides coded for by minute virus of mice, a parvovirus. J. Virol.20, 273–289 (1976).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
With 6 Figures
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nettleton, P.F., Rweyemamu, M.M. The association of calf serum with the contamination of BHK21 clone 13 suspension cells by a parvovirus serologically related to the minute virus of mice (MVM). Archives of Virology 64, 359–374 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01320621
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01320621