Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Rare-earth chalcogenides — an emerging class of optical materials

  • Review
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Sulphide compounds belong to the family of chalcogenides and are well known for their optical and electronic properties. They possess good optical properties because of their ability to transmit into the infrared (IR) region. Several sulphide glasses are known to exist which exhibit far infrared transmission and are also useful semiconductors. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in IR materials to be used on surveillance equipment. This led to the identification of several new crystalline sulphide materials which can transmit very far into the IR region (up to a wavelength of 14 Μm). Crystalline and amorphous rare-earth sulphides emerged as a new class of materials, which possess several unique optical and electronic properties. This paper reviews the status of these rare-earth sulphide amorphous and polycrystalline materials, the techniques used to process these materials and discusses their structure, thermal, mechanical and optical properties. Conventional and emergent novel chemical processing techniques that are used for synthesizing these materials are reviewed in detail. The use of metallorganic precursors and the modification of their chemistry to tailor the composition of the final ceramic are illustrated. The potential of these chemical techniques and their advantages over the conventional solid state techniques used for processing sulphide ceramics is discussed, particularly in light of their successful applications in processing novel electronic and optical oxide ceramics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. H. Rawson, in “Inorganic Glass-Forming Systems” (Academic Press, New York, 1967) p. 249.

    Google Scholar 

  2. N. J. Kreidl, in “Glass Science and Technology”, Vol. 1, “Glass-Forming Systems”, edited by D. R. Uhlmann and N. J. Kreidl (Academic Press, New York, 1983) p. 231.

    Google Scholar 

  3. J. A. Savage,J. Non-Cryst. Solids 47 (1982) 101.

    Google Scholar 

  4. A. Pearson, in “Modern Aspects of the Vitreous State”, edited by J. Mackenzie (Butterworths, London, 1964) p. 29.

    Google Scholar 

  5. S. Dembovskii,Inorg. Mater. 5 (1969) 385.

    Google Scholar 

  6. P. N. Kumta andS. H. Risbud,Bull. Am. Ceram. Soc. 69 (1990) 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  7. A. R. Hilton, C. E. Jones andM. Brau,Phys. Chem. Glasses 7 (4) (1966) 05.

    Google Scholar 

  8. W. H. Dumbaugh,Opt. Eng. 24 (1985) 257.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Y. Kawamoto andS. Tsuchihashi,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 52 (1969) 626.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Idem, ibid. 54 (1971) 131.

    Google Scholar 

  11. P. N. Kumta andS. H. Risbud,Mater. Sci. Eng. B2 (1989) 281.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Idem, J. Mater. Res. 8 (1993) 1394.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Idem, Prog. Cryst. Growth. and Char. of Mater. 22 (1991) 321.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Idem, Mat. Sci. Eng. B 18 (1993) 260.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Idem, in “Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Ultrastructure Processing of Glasses, Ceramics and Composites,” Tucson, AZ, February 1989, edited by D. R. Uhlmann and D. R. Ulrich (Wiley, New York, 1992) p. 555.

    Google Scholar 

  16. S. Barnier, M. Guittard, M. P. Pardo, A. M. Loireau-Lozac'h andJean Flahaut,Mater. Res. Bull. 18 (1983) 1217.

    Google Scholar 

  17. A. Bornstein, J. Flahaut, M. Guittard, S. Jaulmes, A. M. Loireau-Lozac'h, G. Lucazeau andR. Reisfield, in “The Rare Earths in Modern Science and Technology,” edited by G. J. McCarthy and J. J. Rhine (Plenum Press, New York, 1978) p. 599.

    Google Scholar 

  18. J. Flahaut, M. Guittard andA. M. Loireau-Lozac'h,Glass Technol. 24 (3) (1983) 49.

    Google Scholar 

  19. M. Guittard, A. M. Loireau-Lozac'h, M. P. Pardo, J. Flahaut andG. Lucazeau,Mater. Res. Bull. 13 (1978) 317.

    Google Scholar 

  20. P. Laruelle,Ann. Chim. (Paris) 7 (1982) 119.

    Google Scholar 

  21. C. Carcally, M. Guittard andA. M. Loireau-Lozac'h,Mater. Res. Bull. 15 (1980) 545.

    Google Scholar 

  22. A. M. Loireau-Lozac'h, S. Barnier, M. Guittard, P. Besançon andJ. Flahaut,Ann. Chim. 9 (1974) 127.

    Google Scholar 

  23. L. Cervinka andA. Hruby,J. Non-Cryst. Solids 48 (1982) 231.

    Google Scholar 

  24. A. M. Loireau-Lozac'h, M. Guittard andJ. Flahaut,Mater. Res. Bull. 12 (1977) 881.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Idem, ibid. 11 (1976) 1489.

    Google Scholar 

  26. M. J. Weber, in “Proceedings of the International Conference on Lasers”, edited by R. C. Powell (STS Press, New Orleans, LA, 1982).

    Google Scholar 

  27. S. Benazeth, M. H. Tuilier, A. M. Loireau-Lozac'h, H. Dexpert, P. Lagarde, andJ. Flahaut,J. Non-Cryst. Solids 110 (1989) 89.

    Google Scholar 

  28. M. Guittard, P. H. Fourcroy, J. Flahaut andA. Chilouet,Ann. Chim. 1 (1976) 47.

    Google Scholar 

  29. P. S. Barnier, M. Guittard andJ. Flahaut,Mater. Res. Bull. 14 (1979) 973.

    Google Scholar 

  30. P. N. Kumta andS. H. Risbud, in “Proceedings of the SPIE Convention”, San Diego, CA 8–13 July. Edited by A. J. Marker (SPIE, 1990) p. 10.

  31. Idem, J. Mater. Res. 6 (1991) 2694.

    Google Scholar 

  32. E. S. Sarkisov, R. A. Liden andV. V. Shum,Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Neorg Mater. 6 (1970) 20544.

    Google Scholar 

  33. P. N. Kumta, Ph D dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  34. E. R. Plumat,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 51 (1968) 499.

    Google Scholar 

  35. K. Wei, J. Wenzel, E. Snitzer andG. H. Sigal Jr, “in 94th Annual Ceramic Society Meeting”, Abstract 71-G, Minneapolis (1992) p. 238.

  36. J. A. Savage, in “Infrared Optical Materials and their Antireflection Coatings” (Adam Hilger, London, 1985) p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  37. J. A. Savage andK. J. Marsh,Proc. SPIE 297 (1981) 35.

    Google Scholar 

  38. P. Klocek,MRS Bull. 5 (1986) 41.

    Google Scholar 

  39. S. Musikant, “Optical Materials, an Introduction to Selection and Application” (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1985).

    Google Scholar 

  40. P. E. D. Morgan andM. S. Koutsoutis,Mater. Res. Bull. 22 (1987) 617.

    Google Scholar 

  41. R. W. G. Wyckoff,Crystal Struct. II (1964) 160.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Idem, Ibid. II (1964) 75.

    Google Scholar 

  43. D. Roy,SPIE Proc. 297 (1981) 24.

    Google Scholar 

  44. W. H. Zachariasen,Acta Crystallogr. 2 (1949) 57.

    Google Scholar 

  45. J. Flahaut, in “Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths”, Edited by K. A. Gschneidner Jr. and Le RoyEyning, Vol. 4 (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1979) p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  46. J. Flahaut, M. Guittard, M. Patrie, M. P. Pardo, S. M. Gulabi andL. Domange,Acta Crystallogr. 19 (1965) 14.

    Google Scholar 

  47. C. Lowe-Ma, in “Advances in Materials Characterization”, edited by D. R. Rossington, R. A. Condrate and R. L. Snyder (Plenum, New York, 1983) p. 267.

    Google Scholar 

  48. A. W. Sleight andC. T. Prewitt,Inorg. Chem. 7 (1968) 2282.

    Google Scholar 

  49. K. J. Saunders, T. Y. Wong, T. M. Hartnett, R. W. Tustison andR. L. Gentilman,SPIE Proc. 683 (1986) 72.

    Google Scholar 

  50. D. C. Harris, M. E. Hills, R. L. Gentilman, K. J. Saunders andT. Y. Wong Adv. Ceram. Mater. 2 (1987) 74.

    Google Scholar 

  51. W. M. Yim, A. K. Fan andE. J. Stofko,J. Electrochem. Soc. Solid State Sci. Technol. 120 (1973) 441.

    Google Scholar 

  52. K. J. Saunders, T. Y. Wong, R. L. Gentilman,Proc. SPIE 505 (1984) 31.

    Google Scholar 

  53. D. L. Chess, C. A. Chess andW. B. White,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 66 (1983) C205.

    Google Scholar 

  54. O. Schevciw andW. B. White,Mater. Res. Bull. 18 (1983) 1059.

    Google Scholar 

  55. D. L. Chess, C. A. Chess andW. B. White,ibid. 19 (1984) 1551.

    Google Scholar 

  56. J. A. Savage, K. L. Lewis, B. E. Kinsman, A. R. Wilson andR. Riddle,Proc. SPIE 683 (1986) 79.

    Google Scholar 

  57. K. L. Lewis, J. A. Savage, K. J. Marsh andA. P. C. Jones,ibid. 400 (1983) 21.

    Google Scholar 

  58. J. A. Beswick, D. J. Peddar, J. C. Lewis andF. W. Ainger,ibid. 400 (1983) 12.

    Google Scholar 

  59. R. L. Gentilman, M. B. Dekosky, T. Y. Wong andR. W. Tustison,Proc. SPIE 929 (1988) 57.

    Google Scholar 

  60. M. E. Hills, “Preparation, Properties and Development of Calcium Lanthanum Sulfide as an 8–12 Μm Transmitting Ceramic”, Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, CA (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  61. J. Covino, D. C. Harris, M. E. Hills, R. T. Loda andR. W. Schwartz,Proc. SPIE 505 (1984) 42.

    Google Scholar 

  62. W. B. White, D. Chess, C. A. Chess, J. V. Biggers,ibid. 297 (1981) 38.

    Google Scholar 

  63. P. C. Provenzano, S. I. Boldish andW. B. White,Mater. Res. Bull. 12 (1977) 939.

    Google Scholar 

  64. D. L. Chess, C. A. Chess, J. V. Biggers andW. B. White,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 66 (1983) 18.

    Google Scholar 

  65. P. J. Walker andR. C. C. Ward,Mater. Res. Bull. 19 (1984) 717.

    Google Scholar 

  66. P. BesanÇon, D. Carre, P. Laruelle andJ. Flahaut, in “Proceedings of the 9th Rare-Earth Conference”, Vol. 1, edited by P. E. Field (Blacksburg, VA, 1971) p. 113.

  67. P. Besançon,J. Solid State Chem. 7 (1973) 232.

    Google Scholar 

  68. K. A. Gschneidner Jr, J. F. Nakahara, B. J. Beaudry andT. Takeshita,Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. 97 (1987) 359.

    Google Scholar 

  69. T. Amano, B. J. Beaudry andK. A. Gschneidner J. Appl. Phys. 59 (1986) 3437.

    Google Scholar 

  70. T. Takeshita, B. J. Beaudry andK. A. Gschneidner Jr, in “The Rare Earths in Modern Science and Technology”, 3, edited by G. J. McCarthy, H. B. Silber and J. J. Rhyne, (Plenum, 1982) p. 255.

  71. T. Takeshita, B. J. Beaudry andK. A. Gschneidner Jr, in “Fourth International Conference on Thermoelectric Energy Conversion”, edited by K. R. Rao (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, New York, 1982) p. 48.

    Google Scholar 

  72. B. J. Beaudry, M. J. Tschetter, J. F. Nakahara, T. Takeshita andK. A. Gschneidner Jr, in “Sixth International Conference on Thermoelectric Energy Conversion”, The University of Texas at Arlington, edited by K. R. Rao 12–14 March (University of Texas, Arlington, 1986) p. 20.

    Google Scholar 

  73. T. Takeshita, K. A. Gschneidner Jr andB. J. Beaudry,J. Appl. Phys. 57 (1985) 4633.

    Google Scholar 

  74. J. R. Henderson, M. Muramoto, E. Loh andJ. B. Gruber,J. Chem. Phys. 47 (1967) 3347.

    Google Scholar 

  75. C. Wood, A. Lockwood, J. Parker, A. Zoltan andD. Zoltan,J. Appl. Phys. 58 (1985) 1542.

    Google Scholar 

  76. J. D. Whittenberger andR. H. Smoak,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 70 (1987) C-90.

    Google Scholar 

  77. S. M. Luguev, N. V. Lugueva, V. V. Sokolov andYu. N. Malovitskii,Inorg. Mater. 21 (1985) 762.

    Google Scholar 

  78. F. K. Volynets, G. N. Dronova, N. V. Vekshina andI. A. Mironov,ibid. 13 (1977) 432.

    Google Scholar 

  79. E. M. Loginova, A. A. Grizik, N. M. Ponomarev andA. A. Eliseev,ibid. 11 (1975) 644.

    Google Scholar 

  80. J. Flahaut, Louis Domange andMadeline Patrie,Bull. Soc. Chim. (1962) 2048.

  81. J. F. Nakahara, M. J. Tschetter andB. J. Beaudry, T. Takeshita andK. A. Gschneidner Jr. in “Sixth International Conference on Thermoelectric Energy Conversion”, The University of Texas at Arlington, edited by K. R. Rao, 12–14 March (University of Texas, Arlington, 1986) p. 35.

    Google Scholar 

  82. K. Ikeda, T. Furuyama, A. Maeda, K. A. Gschneidner Jr, andB. J. Beaudry,J. Phys. Soc. Jpn 55 (1986) 2473.

    Google Scholar 

  83. K. Ikeda, K. A. Gschneidner Jr,B. J. Beaudry andU. Atzmony,Phys. Rev. B 25 (1982) 4604.

    Google Scholar 

  84. K. Ikeda, K. A. Gschneidner Jr,B. J. Beaudry andT. Ito,ibid. 25 (1982) 4618.

    Google Scholar 

  85. T. Takeshita, K. A. Gschneidner Jr andB. J. Beaudry, in “Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Thermoelectric Energy Conversion”, The University of Texas, Arlington. Edited by K. R. Rao, 14–16 March, 1984. (The University of Texas, Arlington, 1984) p. 144.

    Google Scholar 

  86. K. A. Gschneidner Jr, B. J. Beaudry, T. Takeshita andS. S. Eucker, S. M. A. Taher, J. C. Ho andJ. B. Gruber,Phys. Rev. B 24 (1981) 7187.

    Google Scholar 

  87. J. C. Ho, S. M. A. Taher, G. B. King, J. B. Gruber, B. J. Beaudry andK. A. Gschneidner Jr,J. de Phys. 39 (1978) C6–840.

    Google Scholar 

  88. J. F. Nakahara, B. J. Beaudry, K. A. Gschneidner Jr andT. Takeshita,Mater. Res. Soc. Proc. 97 (1987) 379.

    Google Scholar 

  89. J. F. Nakahara, T. Takeshita, M. J. Tschetter, B. J. Beaudry andK. A. Gschneidner Jr,J. Appl. Phys. 63 (1988) 2331.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Idem andK. A. Gschneidner Jr, in “The First European Conference on Thermoelectrics”, Edited by D. M. Rowe (Peter Peregrinus, London, 1988) Ch. 14, p. 161.

    Google Scholar 

  91. A. A. Kamarzin, K. E. Mironov, V. V. Sokolov, Tu. N. Maovitsky andI. G. Vasil'yeva,J.Crystal Growth 52 (1981) 619.

    Google Scholar 

  92. A. Addamiano andP. A. Dell,J. Phys. Chem. 61 (1957) 1020.

    Google Scholar 

  93. A. Addamiano andM. Aven,J. Appl. Phys. 31 (1960) 36.

    Google Scholar 

  94. E. D. Eastman, L. Brewer, Le Roy A. Bromley, P. W. Gilles and Norman L. Lofgren,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 72 (1950) 4019.

    Google Scholar 

  95. W. Geffcken andE. Berger, Ger. Pat. 736411, May 1939.

  96. R. Roy,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 52 (1969) 344.

    Google Scholar 

  97. H. Dislich,Angew Chem. 83 (1971) 428.

    Google Scholar 

  98. H. Schmidt,J. Non-Cryst. Solids 100 (1988) 51.

    Google Scholar 

  99. C. J. Brinker,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 65 (1982) C-4.

    Google Scholar 

  100. C. G. Pantano, P. M. Glaser andD. J. Armbright, in “Ultrastructure Processing of Ceramics, Glasses and Composites”, edited by L. Hench and D. R. Ulrich (Wiley, New York, 1984) p. 161.

    Google Scholar 

  101. M. Guglielmi andG. Carturan,J. Non-Cryst. Solids 100 (1988) 16.

    Google Scholar 

  102. S. Sakka andK. Kamiya,ibid. 42 (1980) 403.

    Google Scholar 

  103. E. M. Rabinovich,J. Mater. Sci. 20 (1985) 4259.

    Google Scholar 

  104. E. M. Rabinovich, D. W. Johnson Jr,J. B. Machesney andE. M. Vogel,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 66 (1983) 683.

    Google Scholar 

  105. R. K. Iler, in “Science of Ceramic Chemical Processing”, edited by L. L. Hench and D. R. Ulrich (John Wiley, New York, 1986) p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  106. C. J. Brinker andG. W. Scherer, in “Ultrastructure Processing of Ceramics, Glasses and Composites”, edited by L. L. Hench and D. R. Ulrich (Wiley, New York, 1984) p. 43.

    Google Scholar 

  107. G. W. Scherer,J. Non-Cryst. Solids 100 (1988) 77.

    Google Scholar 

  108. P. F. James,ibid. 100 (1988) 93.

    Google Scholar 

  109. C. Sanchez, J. Livage, M. Henry andF. Babonneau,ibid. 100 (1988) 65.

    Google Scholar 

  110. L. L. Hench, in “Science of Ceramic Chemical Processing”, edited by L. L. Hench and D. R. Ulrich (John Wiley, New York, 1982) p. 52.

    Google Scholar 

  111. C. Sanchez, F. Babonneau, S. Doeuff andA. Leaustic, in “Ultrastructure Processing of Ceramics, Glasses and Composites”, edited by L. L. Hench and D. R. Ulrich (Wiley, New York, 1988) p. 77.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Y. Ozaki,Ferroelectrics 49 (1983) 285.

    Google Scholar 

  113. S. S. Flaschen,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77 (1955) 6194.

    Google Scholar 

  114. P. P. Phulé, Ph D dissertation, University of Arizona (1989).

  115. P. J. Melling,Ceram. Bull. 63 (1984) 1427.

    Google Scholar 

  116. E. Matijevic andD. M. Wilhelmy,J. Coll. Interface Sci. 86 (1982) 476.

    Google Scholar 

  117. J. D. Mackenzie,J. Non-Cryst. Solids 100 (1988) 162.

    Google Scholar 

  118. S. Sakka, in “Treatise on Materials Science and Technology”, Vol. 22, edited by M. Tomozawa and R. H. Doremus (Academic Press, New York, 1982) p. 129.

    Google Scholar 

  119. G. W. Scherer,Yogyo Kyokai Shi 95 (1987) 21.

    Google Scholar 

  120. C. J. Brinker andG. W. Scherer, in “Ultrastructure Processing of Ceramics, Glasses and Composites”, edited by L. Hench and D. R. Ulrich (Wiley, New York, 1984) p. 43.

    Google Scholar 

  121. C. J. Brinker andG. W. Scherer,J. Non-Cryst. Solids 70 (1985) 301.

    Google Scholar 

  122. C. J. Brinker, E. P. Roth, G. W. Scherer andD. R. Tallant,ibid. 71 (1985) 171.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Idem, ibid. 72 (1985) 345.

    Google Scholar 

  124. C. J. Brinker, G. W. Scherer andE. P. Roth,ibid. 72 (1985) 369.

    Google Scholar 

  125. C. J. Brinker, W. D. Drotning andG. W. Scherer, in “Better Ceramics Through Chemistry”, Vol. 32, Proceedings of the Materials Research Society Symposium, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Edited by C. J. Brinker, D. E. Clark and D. R. Ulrich (North Holland, New York, 1984) p. 25.

    Google Scholar 

  126. J. Zarzycki, in “Glass Science and Technology”, Vol.2, edited by D. R. Uhlmann and N. J. Kriedl (Academic Press, New York, 1984) Ch. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  127. D. R. Ulrich,J. Non-Cryst. Solids 100 (1988) 174.

    Google Scholar 

  128. G. L. Messing, S. Hirano andH. Hausner (eds), “Ceramic Powder Science III”, Ceramic Transactions, Vol. 12. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Powder Processing Science, San Diego, 4–6 February 1990, and relevant papers in this volume (The American Ceramic Society, Ohio, 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  129. K. Osseo-Asare andF. J. Arriagada,ibid., S. Hirano and H. Hausner (eds), “Ceramic Powder Science III”, Ceramic Transactions, Vol. 12. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Powder Processing Science, San Diego, 4–6 February 1990, and relevant papers in this volume (The American Ceramic Society, Ohio, 1990), p. 3 and references 4–9 under Table I, p. 8.

    Google Scholar 

  130. H. W. Laverenz, “An Introduction to Luminescence of Solids” (Wiley, New York, 1950) p. 473.

    Google Scholar 

  131. C. E. Johnson, D. K. Hickey andD. C. Harris,Proc. SPIE 683 (1986) 112.

    Google Scholar 

  132. T. A. Guiton, C. L. Czekaj, M. S. Rau, G. L. Geoffroy andC. G. Pantano, in “Better Ceramics Through Chemistry III”, Vol. 121, Proceedings of the Materials Research Society, edited by C. J. Brinker, D. E. Clark and D. R. Ulrich (Material Research Society, 1988) 503.

  133. T. A. Guiton, C. L. Czekaj andC. G. Pantano,J. Non-Cryst. Solids 121 (1990) 7.

    Google Scholar 

  134. C. E. Johnson, D. C. Harris andC. B. Willingham,Chem. Mater. 2 (1990) 141.

    Google Scholar 

  135. M. Akinc andA. Celikkaya, in “Ceramic Powder Science III”, edited by G. L. Messing, S. Hirano and H. Hausner, Ceramic Transactions, Vol. 12, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Powder Processing Science, held in San Diego, 4–6 February 1990 (The American Ceramic Society, Ohio, 1990) p. 137.

    Google Scholar 

  136. A. Bensalem andD. M. Schleich,Mater. Res. Bull. 23 (1988) 857.

    Google Scholar 

  137. P. N. Kumta, P. P. Phulé andS. H. Risbud,Mater Lett. 5 (1987) 401.

    Google Scholar 

  138. C. M. Vaughan andW. B. White,Mater Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 97 (1987) 397.

    Google Scholar 

  139. L. H. Wang, M. H. Hon, W. L. Huang andW. Y. Lin,Mater Sci. Eng. B7 (1990) 237.

    Google Scholar 

  140. Idem, Mater Res. Bull. 26 (1991) 649.

    Google Scholar 

  141. Idem, J. Mater. Sci. 26 (1991) 5013.

    Google Scholar 

  142. Y. Han andM. Akinc,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 74 (1991) 2815.

    Google Scholar 

  143. L. H. Wang,J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 12 (1993) 212.

    Google Scholar 

  144. S. H. Han, K. A. Gschneidner Jr andB. J. Beaudry,Scripta Metall. Mater. 25 (1991) 295.

    Google Scholar 

  145. Idem, J. Alloys & Compounds 181 (1992) 463.

    Google Scholar 

  146. D. S. Knight andW. B. White,Spectrochim. Acta 46A (1990) 381.

    Google Scholar 

  147. P. L. Provenzano andW. B. White,Chem. Phys. Lett. 185 (1991) 117.

    Google Scholar 

  148. Idem, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73 (1990) 1766.

    Google Scholar 

  149. W. B. White,Proc. SPIE 1326 (1990) 80.

    Google Scholar 

  150. R. Berman, in “The Properties of Diamond”, edited by J. E. Field (Academic Press, London, 1979) Ch. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  151. A. T. Collins,Proc. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp 162 (1990) 3.

    Google Scholar 

  152. M. P. Nadler, C. K. Lowe-ma andT. A. Vanderah,Mater. Res. Bull. submitted.

  153. C. K. Lowe-ma, D. O. Kipp andT. A. Vanderah, in “Long Wavelength Semiconductor Devices, Materials and Processes”, edited by A. Katz, R. M. Biefleld, R. L. Gunshar, R. J. Malik.Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 216 (The Materials Research Society, 1991) p. 397.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    P. N. Kumta

  2. Division of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, 95616, Davis, CA, USA

    S. H. Risbud

Authors
  1. P. N. Kumta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. H. Risbud
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kumta, P.N., Risbud, S.H. Rare-earth chalcogenides — an emerging class of optical materials. J Mater Sci 29, 1135–1158 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00975057

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00975057

Keywords

Search

Navigation