References
Brody, E., Derbyshire, R., & Schefler, C. (1967, April). How the young adult Baltimore Negro male becomes a Maryland hospital statistic. In R. Monroe, G. Klee, & E. Brody (Eds.),Psychiatric epidemiology and mental health planning. American Psychiatric Association: Psychiatric Research Report, 22.
Brown, B. (1978). Social and psychological correlates of help seeking behavior among urban adults.American Journal of Community Psychology, 6, 425–439.
Brunswick, A. (1979). Who sees the doctor? A study of urban black adolescents.Social Science and Medicine, 13A, 45–56.
Chesler, P. (1972).Women and madness. New York: Wiley.
Cleary, P. D., Mechanic, D., & Greenley, J. R. (1982). Sex differences in medical care utilization: An empirical investigation.Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 23, 106–119.
Dohrenwend, B. P., & Dohrenwend, B. S. (1976). Sex differences in psychiatric disorders.American Journal of Sociology, 81, 1447–1459.
Fabrega, H., & Roberts, R. E. (1972). Social-psychological correlates of physician use by economically disadvantaged Negro urban residents.Medical Care, 10, 215–223.
Gove, W. (1978). Sex differences in mental illness among adult men and women: An evaluation of four questions raised regarding the evidence of higher rates of women.Social Science and Medicine, 12B, 187–198.
Gove, W., & Tudor, J. (1977). Sex differences in mental illness: a comment on Dohrenwend and Dohrenwend.American Journal of Sociology, 82, 1327–1336.
Gurin, G., Veroff, J., & Feld, S. (1960).Americans view their mental health. New York: Basic Books.
Hendricks, L., Howard, C., & Caesar, P. (1981). Help seeking behavior among select populations of black unmarried adolescent fathers: Implications for human service agencies.American Journal of Public Health, 17, 733–735.
Hendricks, L., Howard, C., & Gary, L. (1981). Help seeking behavior among urban black adults.Social Work, 26, 161–163.
Hibbard, J. H., & Pope, C. R. (1983). Gender roles, illness orientation and use of medical services.Social Science and Medicine, 17, 129–137.
Kessler, R. C., Brown, R. L., & Broman, C. L. (1981). Sex differences in psychiatric help seeking: Evidence from four large-scale surveys.Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22, 49–64.
Kessler, R. C., Reuter, J. A., & Greenley, J. R. (1979). Sex differences in the use of psychiatric outpatient facilities.Social Forces, 58, 557–571.
Kleiner, R., & Parker, S. (1971). Potential sources of error in epidemiological studies of mental illness.International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 17, 122–132.
Leashore, B. (1980). A preliminary report on help seeking among black males.Urban Research Review, 6, 4–7.
Leashore, B., Howard, C., Howard, C., & Buckner, R. (1981).Help-seeking behavior among black males. Washington, DC: Mental Health Research and Development Center, Institute for Urban Affairs and Research, Howard University.
Lewis, C. E., Lewis, M. A., Lorimer, A., & Palmer, B. (1977). The use of school nursing services by children in an adult free system.Pediatrics, 60, 499–507.
Marcus, A. C., & Siegel, J. M. (1982). Sex differences in the use of physician services: A preliminary test of the fixed role hypothesis.Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 23, 186–197.
Marshall, J. R., Gregorio, D. I., & Walsh, D. (1982). Sex differences in illness behavior: Care seeking among cancer patients.Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 23, 197–204.
Mechanic, D. (1980). The experience and reporting of common physical complaints.Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 146–155.
Neighbors, H. W. (1984). Professional help use among black Americans: Implications for unmet need.American Journal of Community Psychology, 12, 551–566.
Neighbors, H., & Jackson, J. S. (1984). The use of informal and formal help: Four patterns of illness behavior in the black community.American Journal of Community Psychology, 12, 629–644.
Neighbors, H. W., & Taylor, R. J. (1985). The use of social service agencies by black Americans.Social Service Review, 59, 258–268.
Survey Research Center Computer Support Group. (1979).OSIRIS.IV Users Manual. Institute for Social Research.
Veroff, J., Kulka, R. A., & Douvan, E. (1981).Mental health in America: Patterns of help-seeking from 1957 to 1976. New York: Basic Books.
Yokopenic, P. A., Clark, V. A., & Aneshensel, C. S. (1983). Depression, problem recognition, and professional consultation.Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 171, 15–23.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Research for this paper was funded by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (Division of Clinical Research, Prevention Research Branch and the Division of Biometry and Applied Sciences, Minority Research Resources Branch). The authors thank James Jackson, Joseph Veroff, Clifford Broman, Lois Vergbrugge, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Neighbors, H.W., Howard, C.S. Sex differences in professional help seeking among adult black Americans. Am J Commun Psychol 15, 403–417 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00915210
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00915210