Summary
The congenital destructive lesions of the brain include focal lesions (porencephaly) and diffuse lesions (micrencephaly, hydranencephaly). According to the time the injury occurred and following the assumption of Yakovlev and Wadworth (1946), they are classified as agenetic porencephalies, either — bilateral (schizencephaly) or unilateral, when the injury occurs early enough in gestation (before 6 months) to disturb the growth of the cerebral mantle: abnormal sulcal pattern and heterotopic gray matter are then observed. They are classified as encephaloclastic when the destruction affects an otherwise normal cerebrum (last trimester). The porencephalies should be differenciated from post natal lesions (multicystic encephalomalacia, focal cavitations). By showing the fluid cavity and the cortical distortion, neuroradiology permits precise diagnosis of the defect itself and the associated cortical disorder, as well as an evaluation when they occurred.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aicardi J, Gouttieres F (1981) The syndrome of absence of the septum pellucidum with porencephalies and other developmental defects. Neuropediatrics 12: 319–329
Altshuler G (1973) Toxoplasmosis as a cause of hydranencephaly. Am J Dis Child 125: 251–252
Braun JP, Tournade A (1982) Porencephaly. J Neuroradiol 9: 161–178
Brocklehurst G (1973) Diencephalic cysts. J Neurosurg 38: 47–51
Bubis JJ, Landau WM (1964) Agenesis of the pyramidal tracts associated with schizencephalic clefts in rolandic cortex. Neurology 14: 821–824
Crome M, Sylvester PE (1958) Hydranencephaly (hydrencephaly). Arch Dis Child 33: 235–245
Dejerine J (1980) Agénésies du manteau cérébral. In: Anatomie des centres nerveux, vol 2. Masson, Paris. pp 185–216
Dekaban A (1965) Large defects in cerebral hemispheres associated with cortical dysgenesis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 24: 512–530
Dvorak K, Feit J (1977) Migration of neuroblasts through partial necrosis of the cerebral cortex in newborn rat. Contribution to the problems of morphological development and developmental period of cerebral microgyria. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 38:203–212
Feld M, Gruner J (1957) Sur deux cas de porencéphalie hémisphèrique malformative associée à une agénésie septale. Presse Med 65: 329–332
Friede RL (1975) Developmental neuropathology, Springer, New York Wien
Friede RL, Mikolasek J (1978) Post-encephalitic porencephaly, hydranencephaly or polymicrogyria. A review. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 43: 161–168
Gilles FH, Dooling EC (1977) Cerebral developmental changes at the end of the second trimester. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 36: 602
Gross H, Simanyi M (1977) Porencephaly. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW (eds) Handbook of clinical neurology, Vol 30: Congenital malformations of the brain and skull, Part 1. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp 681–692
Halsey JH, Allen N, Chamberlin HR (1971) The morphogenesis of hydranencephaly. J Neurol Sci 12: 187–217
Heschl R (1859) Gehirndefekt und Hydrocephalus. Prag Vierteljahresschr Prakt Heilkd 61: 59–74
Larroche JC (1966) The development of the central nervous system during intrauterine life. In: Falkner F (ed) Human development. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 257–276
Levine DN, Fisher MA, Caviness VS (1974) Porencephaly with microgyria: a pathologic study. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 29: 99–113
Lindenberg R, Swanson PD (1967) “Infantile hydranencephaly”-a report of five cases of infarction of both cerebral hemispheres in infancy. Brain 90: 839–850
Lyon G, Robain O (1967) Etude comparative des encephalopathies circulatoires prénatales et paranatales. Acta Neuropathol 9: 79–98
Nixon GW, Johns RE, Myers GG (1974) Congenital porencephaly. Pediatrics 54: 43–50
Osaka K, Shirataki K, Matsumoto S, Yokoyama S, Ogino H (1977) Congenital brain defect masked by subdural fluid collection. Child Brain 3: 315–320
Page LK, Brown SB, Gargano FP, Shortz RW (1975) Schizencephaly: a clinical study and review. Child Brain 1: 348–358
Probst FP (1979) The prosencephalies. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Raybaud C, Michotey P, Bank W, Farnarier P (1975) Angiographic — anatomic study of the vascular territories of the cerebral convolutions. In: Salamon G (ed) Advances in cerebral angiography. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 2–9
Ross JJ, Frias JL (1977) Microcephaly. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW (eds) Handbook of clinical neurology, Vol 30. Congenital malformations of the brain and skull. Part I. North-Holland. Amsterdam, pp 507–524
Salamon G, Raybaud C, Michotey P, Farnarier P (1975) Anatomic and radiographic study of the fissures and sulci of the brain. In: Salamon G (ed) Advances in cerebral angiography. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York. pp 10–24
Salamon G, Raybaud C, Choux M, Yagishita A (1982) Disorders of gyrus formation. J Neuroradiol 9: 15–45
Stewart RM, Williams RS, Lukl P, Schoenen J (1978) Ventral porencephaly: a cerebral defect associated with multiple congenital anomalies. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 42: 231–235
Van den Bergh R (1961) La vascularisation artérielle intracérébrale. Acta Neurol Belg 61: 1013–1023
Yakovlev PI, Wadsworth RC (1946) Schizencephalies. A study of the congenital clefts in the cerebral mantle. I — Clefts with fused lips. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 5: 116–130
Yakovlev PI, Wadsworth RC (1946) Schizencephalies. A study of the congenital clefts in the cerebral mantle. II — Clefts with hydrocephalus and lips separated. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 5: 169–206
Yokota A, Matsukado Y (1979) Congenital midline porencephaly. Child Brain 5: 380–397
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Raybaud, C. Destructive lesions of the brain. Neuroradiology 25, 265–291 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00540238
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00540238