Abstract
Populus deltoides seedlings progress through 2/5, 3/8, and 5/13 orders of phyllotaxis in attaining Plastochron Index 16 (PI 16). The manner in which the vascular system was reoriented during these phyllotactic transitions was determined by anatomical analysis of serial microsections, whereas the positions of the transitions were determined by 14C labeling. The midvein at the tip of leaves representing plants of different PI and leaves of different Leaf Plastochron Index (LPI) was fed 14CO2 photosynthetically, and primordia LPI 0 through LPI-9 were dissected from the buds and analyzed for 14C. By combining the labeling data with the anatomical observations it was possible to reconstruct the vascular system of a plant of PI 16 and to locate the phyllotactic transitions. Both the anatomical and the labeling data showed a high degree of reproducibility among plants suggesting that the phyllotactic pattern to which the vascular system conforms may be programmed in the plant and transmitted acropetally through the developing leaves and procambial strands. The origin of new primordia and the concepts of orthostichy, ontogenetic helix, and Fibonacci sequence are discussed as they apply to the vascular system of P. deltoides.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adler, I.: A model of contact pressure in phyllotaxis. J. theor. Biol. 45, 1–79 (1974)
Adler, I.: A model for space filling in phyllotaxis. J. theor. Biol. 53, 435–444 (1975)
Allard, H.A.: Some aspects of the phyllotaxy of tobacco. J. agric. Res. 64, 49–55 (1942)
Champagnat, M.: Analyse expérimentale des caracteres morphologiques de quelques Linaires. C.R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 247, 1642–1645 (1958)
Dickson, R.E., Larson, P.R.: Incorporation of 14C-photosynthate into major chemical fractions of source and sink leaves of cottonwood. Plant Physiol. 56, 185–193 (1975)
Dormer, K.J.: Shoot organization in vascular plants. London: Chapman & Hall 1972
Dostál, R.: On integration in plants. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press 1967
Erickson, R.O., Michelini, F.J.: The plastochron index. Amer. J. Bot. 44, 297–305 (1957)
Esau, K.: Vascularization of the vegetative shoots of Helianthus and Sambucus. Amer. J. Bot. 32, 18–29 (1945)
Esau, K.: Vascular differentiation in plants. New York: Holt, Rinehart, Winston 1965
Fosket, E.B.: The relation of age and bud break to the determination of phyllotaxy in Catalpa speciosa. Amer. J. Bot. 55, 894–899 (1968)
Girolami, G.: Relation between phyllotaxis and primary vascular organization in Linum. Amer. J. Bot. 40, 618–625 (1953)
Hagedüs, A.: Is there a correlation between leaf arrangement and the manner of ontogeny of the conductive tissues of stems? Bot. Gaz. 110, 593–600 (1949)
Hughes, A.P.: Plant growth and the aerial environment. IX. A synopsis of the autecology of Impatiens parviflora. New Phytol. 64, 399–413 (1965)
Isebrands, J.G., Dickson, R.E., Larson, P.R.: Translocation and incorporation of 14C into the petiole from different regions within developing cottonwood leaves. Planta (Berl.) 128, 185–193 (1976)
Johnson, C.M., Stout, P.R., Broyer, T.C., Carlton, A.B.: Comparative chlorine requirements of different plant species. Plant Soil 8, 337–353 (1957)
Kumazawa, M., Kumazawa, M.: Periodic variations of the divergence angle, internode length and leaf shape, revealed by correlogram analysis. Phytomorphology 21, 376–389 (1972)
Larson, P.R.: Development and organization of the primary vascular system in Populus deltoides according to phyllotaxy. Amer. J. Bot. 62, 1084–1099 (1975)
Larson, P.R.: Development and organization of the secondary vessel system in Populus grandidentata. Amer. J. Bot. 63, 369–381 (1976a)
Larson, P.R.: The leaf-cambium relation and some prospects for genetic improvement. In: Tree Physiology and Yield Improvement, pp. 261–281. Cannell, M.G.R., Last, F.T., eds. New York: Academic Press (1976b)
Larson, P.R.: Procambium vs. cambium and protoxylem vs. metaxylem in Populus deltoides seedlings. Amer. J. Bot. 63, 1332–1348 (1976c)
Larson, P.R., Dickson, R.E.: Distribution of imported 14C in developing leaves of eastern cottonwood according to phyllotaxy. Planta (Berl.) 111, 95–112 (1973)
Larson, P.R., Isebrands, J.G.: The plastochron index as applied to developmental studies of cottonwood. Canad. J. For. Res. 1, 1–11 (1971)
Larson, P.R., Isebrands, J.G.: Anatomy of the primary-secondary transition zone in stems of Populus deltoides. Wood Sci. Tech. 8, 11–26 (1974)
Leigh, E.G., Jr.: The golden section and spiral leaf arrangement. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci. 44, 163–176 (1972)
Leppik, E.E.: Phyllotaxis, anthotaxis and semataxis. Acta biotheor. 14, 1–28 (1961)
Maksymowych, R., Erickson, R.O.: Phyllotactic changes induced by gibberellic acid in Xanthium shoot apices. Amer. J. Bot., 64, 33–44 (1977)
Mathai, A.M., Davis, T.A.: Constructing sunflower heads. Math. Biosci. 20, 117–133 (1974)
Millener, L.H.: An experimental demonstration of the dependence of phyllotaxis on rate of growth. Nature (Lond.) 169, 1052–1053 (1952)
Miller, H.A., Wetmore, R.H.: Studies in the developmental anatomy of Phlox drummondii Hook. III. The apices of the mature plant. Amer. J. Bot. 33, 1–10 (1946)
Priestley, J.H., Scott, L.I., Mattinson, K.M.: Dicotyledon phyllotaxis from the standpoint of development. Proc. Leeds Phil. Soc. 3, 380–388 (1937)
Pulawska, Z.: Correlations in the development of the leaves and leaf traces in the shoot of Actinidia arguta Planch. Acta Soc. Bot. Polon. 34, 697–712 (1965)
Richards, F.J.: The geometry of phyllotaxis and its origin. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 2, 217–245 (1948)
Richards, F.J.: Phyllotaxis: its quantitative expression and relation to growth in the apex. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 235, 509–564 (1951)
Roach, W.A.: Plant injection as a physiological method. Ann. Bot. 3, 155–226 (1939)
Schwabe, W.W.: Chemical modification of phyllotaxis and its implications. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 25, 301–322 (1971)
Snow, R.: Problems of phyllotaxis and leaf determination. Endeavour 14, 190–199 (1955)
Thomas, R.L.: Orthostichy, parastichy and plastochrone ratio in a central theory of phyllotaxis. Ann. Bot. 39, 455–489 (1975)
Thornley, J.H.M.: Phyllotaxis. I. A. mechanistic model. Ann. Bot. 39, 491–507 (1975a)
Thornley, J.H.M.: Phyllotaxis. II. A description in terms of intersecting logarithmic spirals. Ann. Bot. 39, 509–524 (1975b)
Tietema, T., van Die, J.: Translocation of assimilates in Fritillaria imperialis L. III. A tracer study on the vascular connections between floral nectaries and leaves. Acta bot. neerl. 21, 400–403 (1972)
Tietema, T., Hoekstra, S.M.R., van Die, J.: Translocation of assimilates in Fritillaria imperialis L. II. Downward movement of the 14C-labelled photosynthates into the developing bulb and their subsequent distribution among the scale parts. Acta bot. neerl. 21, 395–399 (1972)
Tucker, S.C.: Phyllotaxis and vascular organization of the carpels in Michelia fuscata. Amer. J. Bot. 48, 60–71 (1961)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Larson, P.R. Phyllotactic transitions in the vascular system of Populus deltoides bartr. as determined by 14C labeling. Planta 134, 241–249 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00384188
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00384188