Abstract
Mutations in the common gamma chain (γc or IL2RG) of the interleukin-2, −4, −7, −9 and −15 receptors have been found to cause X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCIDX1). We report here on the mutations identified in a further ten families. Two of the mutations identified have occurred twice in unrelated families, indicating two possible mutational hotspots. Seven of the mutations, which were identified by single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, are point mutations, and the eighth is a small deletion. We also report on the first use of assays based on these mutations within IL2RG for unambiguous carrier determination. The consequences for the γc proteins produced as a result of these mutations are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Boyd Y, Fraser NJ (1990) Methylation patterns at the hypervariable X-chromosome locus DXS255 (M27β): correlation with X-inactivation status. Genomics 7:182–187
Bradley LAD, Sweatman AK, Lovering RC, Jones AM, Morgan G, Levinsky RJ, Kinnon C (1994) Mutation detection in the gene for X-linked agammaglobulinaemia gene, btk, using single strand conformational polymorphism analysis. Hum Mol Genet 3:79–83
Cao X, Kozak CA, Liu YJ, Noguchi M, O'Connell E, Leonard WJ (1993) Characterization of cDNAs encoding the murine interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) gamma chain: chromosomal mapping and tissue specificity of IL-2R gamma chain expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:8464–8468
Clark PA, Lester T, Villard L, Fontes M, Kinnon C (1994) Deletion mapping of the DXS986, DXS995 and DXS1002 loci defines their order within Xq21. J Med Genet 31:344–345
Conley ME, Buckley RH, Hong R, Guerra-Hanson C, Roifman CM, Brochstein JA, Pahwa S, Puck JM (1990) X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency: diagnosis in males with sporadic severe combined immunodeficiency and clarification of clinical findings. J Clin Invest 85:1548–1554
DiSanto J, Dautry-Varsat A, Certain S, Fischer A, de Saint Basile G (1994a) Interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor γ chain mutations in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease result in the loss of high-affinity IL-2 receptor binding. Eur J Immunol 24:475–479
DiSanto J, Rieux-Laucat F, Dautry-Varsat A, Certain S, Fischer A, de Saint Basile G (1994b) Defective human interleukin 2 receptor γ chain in an atypical X chromosome-linked severe combined immunodeficiency with peripheral T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:9466–9470
Giri JG, Ahdieh M, Eisenman J, Shanebeck K, Grabstein K, Kumaki S, Namen A, Park LS, Cosman D, Anderson D (1994) Utilization of the β and γ chains of the IL-2 receptor by the novel cytokine IL-15. EMBO J 13:2822–2830
Goodship J, Malcolm S, Lau YL, Pembrey ME, Levinsky RJ (1988) Use of X chromosome inactivation analysis to establish carrier status for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. Lancet 1:729–732
Grompe M (1993) The rapid detection of unknown mutations in nucleic acids. Nature Genet 5:111–117
Hendriks RW, Kraakman MEM, Schuurman RKB (1993) Patterns of X chromosome inactivation in haematopoietic cells of female carriers of X linked severe combined immunodeficiency. Immunodeficiency 4:263–265
Henthorn PS, Somberg RL, Fimiani VM, Puck JM, Patterson DF, Felsburg PJ (1994) IL-2Rγ gene microdeletion demonstrates that canine X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency is a homologue of the human disease. Genomics 23:69–74
Ishii N, Asao H, Kimura Y, Takeshita T, Nakamura M, Tsuchiya S, Konno T, Maeda M, Uchiyama T, Sugamura K (1994) Impairment of ligand binding and growth signaling of mutant IL-2 receptor γ chains in patients with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. J Immunol 153:1310–1317
Kimura Y, Takeshita T, Kondo M, Ishii N, Nakamura M, Van Snick J, Sugamura K (1995) Sharing of the IL-2 receptor γ with the functional IL-9 receptor complex. Int Immunol 7:115–120
Kondo M, Takeshita T, Ishii N, Nakamura M, Watanabe S, Arai K-I, Sugamura K (1993) Sharing of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor γ chain between receptors for IL-2 and IL-4. Science 262:1874–1877
Kondo M, Takeshita T, Higuchi M, Nakamura M, Sudo T, Nishikawa S, Sugamura K (1994) Functional participation of the IL-2 receptor gamma chain in IL-7 receptor complexes. Science 263:1453–1454
Lester T, de Alwis M, Clark PA, Jones AM, Katz F, Levinsky RJ, Kinnon C (1994) Trisomy X in a female member of a family with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency: implications for carrier diagnosis. J Med Genet 31:717–720
Markiewicz S, Subtil A, Dautry-Varsat A, Fischer A, de Saint Basile G (1994) Detection of three nonsense mutations and one missense mutation in the interleukin-2 receptor γ chain gene in SCIDX1 that differently affect the mRNA processing. Genomics 21:291–293
Matthews DJ, Clark PA, Herbert J, Morgan G, Armitage RJ, Kinnon C, Minty A, Grabstein KH, Caput D, Ferrara P, Callard R (1995) Function of the IL-2 receptor gamma chain in biological responses of X-SCID B cells to IL-2, IL-4, IL-13 and IL-15. Blood 85:38–42
Noguchi M, Yi H, Rosenblatt HM, Filipovich AH, Adelstein S, Modi WS, McBride OW, Leonard WJ (1993a) Interleukin-2 receptor γ chain mutation results in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency in humans. Cell 73:147–157
Noguchi M, Nakamura Y, Russell SM, Ziegler SF, Tsang M, Cao X, Leonard WJ (1993b) Interleukin-2 receptor γ chain: a functional component of the interleukin-7 receptor. Science 262:1877–1880
Puck JM, Deschenes SM, Porter JC, Dutra AS, Brown CJ, Willard HF, Henthorn PS (1993) The interleukin-2 receptor γ chain maps to Xq13. 1 and is mutated in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency, SCIDX1. Hum Mol Genet 2:1099–1104
Russell SM, Keegan AD, Harada N, Nakamura Y, Noguchi M, Leland P, Friedmann MC, Miyajima A, Puri RK, Paul WE, Leonard WJ (1993) Interleukin-2 receptor γ chain: a functional component of the interleukin-4 receptor. Science 262:1880–1883
Sheffield VC, Beck JS, Kwitek AE, Sandstrom DW, Stone EM (1993) The sensitivity of single strand conformation polymorphism analysis for the detection of single base substitutions. Genomics 16:325–332
Takeshita T, Asao H, Ohtani K, Ishii N, Kumaki S, Tanaka N, Munakata H, Nakamura M, Sugamura K (1992) Cloning of the γ chain of the human IL-2 receptor. Science 257:379–382
WHO Report (1986) Primary immunodeficiency diseases. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 40: 166–196
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Clark, P.A., Lester, T., Genet, S. et al. Screening for mutations causing X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency in the IL-2Rγ chain gene by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Hum Genet 96, 427–432 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00191801
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00191801