Enzymatic Reactions in Organic Media

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xiii

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2. Enzymes in organic solvents: meeting the challenges

   • A. M. P. Koskinen

   Pages 1-8

3. Modes of using enzymes in organic media

   • P. Adlercreutz

   Pages 9-42

4. Fundamentals of non-aqueous enzymology

   • Z. Yang, A. J. Russell

   Pages 43-69

5. New enzymatic properties in organic media

   • A. Zaks

   Pages 70-93

6. Enzymatic resolutions of alcohols, esters, and nitrogen-containing compounds

   • C. J. Sih, G. Girdaukas, C.S. Chen, J. C. Sih

   Pages 94-139

7. Regioselectivity of hydrolases in organic media

   • S. Riva

   Pages 140-169

8. Hydrolase-catalysed asymmetric and other transformations of synthetic interest

   • L. T. Kanerva

   Pages 170-223

9. Peptide synthesis

   • H. Kitaguchi

   Pages 224-243

10. Productivity of enzymatic catalysis in non-aqueous media: New developments

    • E. N. Vulfson, I. Gill, D. B. Sarney

    Pages 244-265

11. Large-scale enzymatic conversions in non-aqueous media

    • R. A. Sheldon

    Pages 266-307

12. Epilogue: Prospects and challenges of biocatalysis in organic media

    • A. M. Klibanov

    Pages 308-310

13. Back Matter

    Pages 311-314

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The outlook of organic synthesis has changed many times during its tractable history. The initial focus on the synthesis of substances typical of living matter, exemplified by the first examples of organic chemistry through the synthesis of urea from inorganic substances by Liebig, was accepted as the birth of organic chemistry, and thus also of organic synthesis. Although the early developments in organic synthesis closely followed the pursuit of molecules typical in nature, towards the end of the 19th century, societal pressures placed higher demands on chemical methods appropriate for the emerging age of industrialization. This led to vast amounts of information being generated through the discovery of synthetic reactions, spectroscopic techniques and reaction mechanisms. The basic organic functional group transformations were discovered and improved during the early part of this century. Reaction mechanisms were elucidated at a growing pace, and extremely powerful spectroscopic tools, such as infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry were introduced as everyday tools for a practising organic chemist. By the 1950s, many practitioners were ready to agree that almost every molecule could be syn­ thesized. Some difficult stereochemical problems were exceptions; for example Woodward concluded that erythromycin was a "hopelessly complex target". This frustration led to a hectic phase of development of new and increasingly more ingenious protecting group strategies and functional group transformations, and also saw the emergence of asymmetric synthesis.

• Resol
• organic chemistry
• polymer
• polymerization
• synthesis

...it offers an excellent theoretical backgroind of, and access to, enzymology in organic solvents,...very useful for beginners; second owing to the detailed and comprehensive overview of applications, it can be used as a reference book. Trends in Food Science and Technology.; a useful reference book - Food Manufacture

• Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

  A. M. P. Koskinen

• Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA

  A. M. Klibanov

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