Militarised Responses to Transnational Organised Crime

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xv

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2. Assessing Militarised Responses to Transnational Organised Crime

   • Sasha Jesperson

   Pages 1-9

3. Soldiers in a Storm: Why and How Do Responses to Illicit Economies Get Militarised?

   • Mark Shaw

   Pages 11-21

4. Wildlife Crime

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 23-23

      PDF

   2. Militarised Responses to the Illegal Wildlife Trade

      • Jasper Humphreys, M. L. R. Smith

      Pages 25-42

   3. An Unwinnable War: Rhino Poaching in the Kruger

      • Julian Rademeyer

      Pages 43-59

   4. Kenya’s ‘War on Poaching’: Militarised Solutions to a Militarised Problem?

      • Thomas J. Maguire

      Pages 61-90

   5. ‘A Blunt Instrument’: Addressing Criminal Networks with Military Responses, and the Impact on Law Enforcement and Intelligence

      • John M. Sellar

      Pages 91-105

5. Piracy

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 107-107

      PDF

   2. Replicating Success? A Military Response to Maritime Piracy, the Somalia Experience

      • Glen Forbes

      Pages 109-125

   3. Approaches to Piracy, Armed Robbery at Sea, and Other Maritime Crime in West and Central Africa

      • Ian Ralby

      Pages 127-149

   4. South East Asia Piracy: Have We Learnt from Somali Counter-Piracy Operations?

      • Karsten von Hoesslin, Lucia Bird Ruiz-Benitez de Lugo

      Pages 151-167

   5. Dangers of Success: The Economics of Somali Piracy

      • Anja Shortland

      Pages 169-183

6. Smuggling of Migrants

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 185-185

      PDF

   2. The New Migration Landscape: The Implications of a Militarised Response to Smuggling

      • Sumbul Rizvi

      Pages 187-202

   3. Smugglers Inc.: The Illicit Industry in Human Migration

      • Tuesday Reitano

      Pages 203-215

   4. The Militarisation of Migration: From Triton to Sofia: Assessing the Credibility of the EU’s Naval Interventions Against Migrant Smuggling in the Mediterranean

      • Peter Roberts‎

      Pages 217-233

   5. How US Customs and Border Protection Became the World’s Largest Militarised Police Force

      • Brian Erickson

      Pages 235-256

7. Drug Trafficking

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 257-257

      PDF

   2. Militarisation of the Drug War in Latin America: A Policy Cycle Set to Continue?

      • Jeremy McDermott

      Pages 259-277

This edited volume examines the use of militarised responses to different forms of criminal activity, discussing the outcomes and unintended consequences. Politicians and policymakers frequently use militarised responses to look tough on crime. The deployment of armies, navies, military assets and militarised approaches can send a powerful message, but have produced mixed results. While they generate the perception that governments are actively engaged on issues of concern to the public, and in some cases have resulted in notable successes, on the downside they have frequently also increased the loss of life, exacerbated the humanitarian consequences of a particular crime and entrenched divides between security and state institutions and the criminal proponents, narrowing the possibilities for future negotiated solutions. By focusing on four different areas of criminality – wildlife crime, piracy, migration and drug trafficking – the book allows context and evidence-based conclusions to be drawn on the strategic value and commonality of responses and their outcomes.

• Organised Crime
• Transnational Organised Crime
• Militarised Responses to Organised Crime
• Fighting Crime
• Militarisation Debate
• Wildlife Crime
• Rhino Trafficking
• Ivory trade
• Criminal networks
• Somali Piracy
• People smugglers
• Human trafficking
• Migrant smuggling
• EU naval intervention
• Drug trafficking
• Drug wars
• Military action
• Brazil
• South Africa
• Somalia

“Militarised Responses to Transnational Organised Crime has a lot to offer those with an interest in the War on Crime. The book’s exploration of militarised responses to wildlife crime, piracy, migrant smuggling, and drug trafficking reveals how these responses are often ineffective on their own. … I believe editors Tuesday Reitano, Lucia Bird Ruiz-Benitez de Lugo and Sasha Jesperson have put together a collection of essays which ranks among the best I have ever read.” (Adam Finzi, CDA Institute, dcainstitute.ca, November 01, 2018)



“In Militarised Responses to Transnational Organised Crime: The War on Crime, Tuesday Reitano, Lucia Bird Ruiz-Benitez de Lugo and Sasha Jesperson offer a collection addressing the issue of militarisation in the context of illicit wildlife trafficking, maritime piracy, human smuggling and drug dealing. … this book has made a valuable contribution to the existing literature on transnational organised crime.” (Anton Moiseienko, LSE Review of Books, blogs.lse.ac.uk, February, 2018)

• Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, Geneva, United Kingdom

  Tuesday Reitano, Lucia Bird Ruiz-Benitez de Lugo

• St Mary’s University, Centre for the Study of Modern Slavery, Twickenham, United Kingdom

  Sasha Jesperson

Tuesday Reitano is the Deputy Director of the Geneva-based Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime and a senior research advisor at the Institute for Security Studies in Pretoria, South Africa, where she leads five organised crime observatories for Africa.

Sasha Jesperson is the Director of the Centre for the Study of Modern Slavery at St Mary’s University, Twickenham, UK, where she is leading policy-focused research to improve the response to modern slavery. Her key interests are the involvement of organised crime groups, and the role of development interventions in preventing slavery and human trafficking. 

Lucia Bird Ruiz-Benitez de Lugo is currently a fellow in the Oxford Policy Fellowship programme, consulting on law and policy for the Ministry of Finance in Ghana. Previously she pursued a career as a corporate lawyer at Slaughter and May. Lucia's contributions to the field of organised crime have focusing on human smuggling and informal extractive industries.

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