Polymer Additives

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-x

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2. UV Degradation and Stabilization of Polymers

   1. Recent Developments in Photodegradation and Photostabilization of Polydienes

      • Jan F. Rabek

      Pages 1-15

   2. Advances in U.V. Stabilization of Polyethylene

      • F. L. Gugumus

      Pages 17-33

   3. Hindered Amines as Antioxidants in UV Exposed Polymers

      • D. J. Carlsson, K. H. Chan, J. P. Tovborg Jensen, D. M. Wiles, J. Durmis

      Pages 35-47

   4. Effect of Various Additives on the Photodegradation of Polyurethanes

      • Z. Osaka, E. Tajima, T. Yanagisawa, K. Suzuki

      Pages 49-60

   5. Photochemical Degradation and Biological Defacement of Polymers — I

      • P. D. Gabriele, J. R. Geib, J. S. Puglisi, W. J. Reid

      Pages 61-70

   6. UV Stabilization of Instant Color Photographs

      • I. O. Salyer, A. M. Usmani

      Pages 71-81

   7. Photochemical Grafting of Acrylated Azo Dyes onto Polymeric Surfaces VI. Effect of 1,2-Diphenyl, 2,2-Dimethoxy, Ethanone as Photoinitiator on the Grafting of Some Acryloxy-Substituted Aromatic Diazenes onto Poly(Propylene) and Poly(Caprolactam) Fibers

      • Ignazio R. Bellobono, Seba Calgari, Elena Selli

      Pages 83-93

3. Oxidative Degradation and Stabilization

   1. Critical Phenomena in the Inhibited Oxidation of Polymers

      • Yu. A. Shlyapnikov

      Pages 95-102

   2. Critical Temperature for Solubility of a Phenolic Antioxidant

      • Valerie Kuck

      Pages 103-110

   3. An Automated, Multistation, Oxygen Uptake System

      • J. C. Wozny

      Pages 111-126

   4. Recent Developments in Phosphorus Stabilizers

      • Elyse Lewis

      Pages 127-133

   5. Thermooxidation and Stabilization of Urethane and Urethane-Urea Block Copolymers

      • G. N. Mathur, J. E. Kresta

      Pages 135-153

4. Stabilization of PVC

   1. Model Compounds Studies to Establish the Basic Mechanism for Tin Stabilizers in Polyvinylchloride

      • Alain Guyot, Alain Michel, Tran Van Hoang

      Pages 155-169

   2. Reactions of PVC with Organotin Stabilizers Under Controlled Conditions

      • G. Ayrey, S. Y. Hsu, R. C. Poller

      Pages 171-187

   3. New Mercapto Esters as Intermediates for PVC Stabilizers

      • Gerry P. Mack

      Pages 189-202

5. Flame Retardance and Smoke Suppression

   1. The Effects of Bromine and Antimony-Containing Flame Retardants on the Burning Characteristics of Polyethylene

      • Y.-L. Hsieh, K. Yeh

      Pages 203-213

   2. Molybdenum Smoke Suppressants in Polyvinyl Chloride

      • Fred W. Moore, George A. Tsigdinos, Thomas R. Weber

      Pages 215-235

   3. Mechanism of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Fire Retardance by Molybdenum(VI) Oxide. Further Evidence in Favor of the Lewis Acid Theory

      • W. H. Starnes Jr., L. D. Wescott Jr., W. D. Reents Jr., R. E. Cais, G. M. Villacorta, I. M. Plitz et al.

      Pages 237-248

6. Plasticizers, Fillers and Additives

   1. Diffusion of Additives and Plasticizers in Poly(Vinyl Chloride)-III Diffusion of Three Phthalate Plasticizers in Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

      • P. J. F. Griffiths, K. G. Krikor, G. S. Park

      Pages 249-260

Ever since the beginning of the plastics and rubber industry, it was realized that useful products could be produced only if cer­ tain additives were incorporated into polymers. With the help of these additives, when physically dispersed in a polymer matrix, it has been possible to improve stability against thermal, oxidative, UV, hydrolytic and biological degradation, mechanical properties, flammability, cost, and processibility of plastics. The enormous growth of the volume of plastics consumed by modern society, and new application areas for plastics, have created a demand for new, better additives and better understanding of their functions in polymer systems. As a result of these trends there is a need for sharing of information on progress achieved in the area of polymer additives among engineers and scientists of the plastics industry and academia. This book is based on expanded and updated papers originally presented at the International Symposium on Polymer Additives, which was held in Las Vegas, Nevada, and was sponsored by the American Chemical Society, Division of Polymeric Materials Science and Engi­ neering. The book is divided into five parts which cover advances in various areas of polymer additives. The first part is devoted to the progress in understanding of UV degradation and stabilization of various polymers. Oxidation degradation and stabilization of plastic materials is covered in the second part. New developments in the stabilization of PVC are presented in the third part.

• additives
• diffusion
• polymer
• stability

• Polymer Institute, University of Detroit, Detroit, USA

  Jiri E. Kresta

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