Skip to main content
Log in

Carbon-containing catalysts for the hydroprocessing of oil fractions: A review

  • Catalysis in Petroleum Refining Industry
  • Published:
Catalysis in Industry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Over the last 20 years, carbon-containing catalysts prepared using carbonized aluminum oxide and various carbon-based materials as carriers, along with metal carbides as active components, have been widely studied in the hydroprocessing of oil fractions. In this work, the properties of different groups of carbon-containing catalysts are discussed. The difficulties of using carbon-based carriers caused by their need for chemical pretreatment (oxidation and leaching), and the application of water–organic infiltrating solutions to form active catalyst components in finely dispersed form, is shown.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Khavkin, V.A. and Gulyaeva, L.A., Mir Nefteprod., 2014, no. 8, pp. 4–13.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Khavkin, V.A. and Kapustin, V.M., Mir Nefteprod., 2015, no. 8, pp. 9–13.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Poletaeva, O.Yu., Mukhametzyanov, I.Z., Ilolov, A., Latypova, D.Zh., Borodin, A.V., Karimov, E.Kh., and Movsumzade, E.M., Neftepererab. Neftekhim., 2015, no. 2, pp. 3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Trudy nauchno-tekhnologicheskogo simpoziuma “Neftepererabotka: katalizatory i gidroprotsessy” (Proc. Sci. Technol. Symp. “Oil Refining: Catalysts and Hydroprocesses”, St. Petersburg, 2014), Novosibirsk, Inst. Katal. Sib. Otd. Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2014.

  5. Eijsbouts, S., Anderson, G.H., Bergwerff, J.A., and Jacobi, S., Appl. Catal., A, 2013, vol. 458, pp. 169–182.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Eijsbouts, S., van den Oetelaar, L.C.A., and van Puijenbroek, R.R., J. Catal., 2005, vol. 229, no. 2, pp. 352–364.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Usman, U., Takaki, M., Kubota, T., and Okamoto, Y., Appl. Catal., A, 2005, vol. 256, no. 1, pp. 148–154.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ding, L., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Y., Ring, Z., and Chen, J., Appl. Catal., A, 2006, vol. 301, no. 2, pp. 241–250.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Maity, S.K., Flores, G.A., Ancheyta, J., and Rana, M.S., Catal. Today, 2008, vol. 130, nos. 2–4, pp. 374–381.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Fan, Y., Lu, J., Shi, G., Liu, H., and Bao, X., Catal. Today, 2007, vol. 125, nos. 3–4, pp. 220–228.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Breysse, M., Geantet, C., Afanasiev, P., Blanchard, J., and Vrinat, M., Catal. Today, 2008, vol. 130, no. 1, pp. 3–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Furimsky, E., Carbon and Carbon Supported Catalysts in Hydroprocessing, Cambridge, UK RCS Publishing, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Krueger, A., Carbon Materials and Nanotechnology, Weinheim Wiley-VCH, 2010.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  14. The Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides, Oyama, S.T., Ed., London, Blackie Academic & Professional, 1996.

  15. Fenelonov, V.B., Poristyi uglerod (Porous Carbon), Novosibirsk Inst. Katal. Sib. Otd. Ross. Akad. Nauk, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Farag, H., Mochida, I., and Sakanishi, K., Appl. Catal., A, 2000, vols. 194–195, pp. 147–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Liu, F., Xu, S., Chi, Y., and Xue, D., Catal. Commun., 2011, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 521–524.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gheek, P., Suppan, S., Trawczynski, J., Hynaux, A., Sayag, C., and Djega-Mariadssou, G., Catal. Today, 2007, vol. 119, nos. 1–4, pp. 19–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Nikulshin, P.A., Tomina, N.N., Pimerzin, A.A., Kucherov, A.V., and Kogan, V.M., Catal. Today, 2010, vol. 149, nos. 1–2, pp. 82–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Rodriguez-Reinoso, F., Carbon, 1998, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 159–175.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Radovic, L.R., in Physicochemical Properties of Carbon Materials for Catalysis, Serp, P. and Figueiredo, J.L., Eds., Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2008, pp. 1–44.

  22. US Patent 7727381, 2010.

  23. Pinilla, J.L., Purón, H., Torres, D., Suelves, I., and Millan, M., Carbon, 2015, vol. 81, pp. 574–586.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Sakanishi, K., Hasuo, H.-U., Mochida, I., and Okuma, O., Energy Fuels, 1995, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 995–998.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Yermakov, Yu.I., Startsev, A.N., Shkuropat, S.A., Plaksin, G.V., Tsekhanovich, M.S., and Surovikin, V.F., React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 1988, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 65–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Aktivnye ugli. Elastichnye sorbenty. Katalizatory, osushiteli i khimicheskie poglotiteli na ikh osnove. Katalog (Active Carbons, Elastic Sorbents, Catalysts, Desiccants, and Chemical Absorbents Based on Them, Catalogue), Mukhin, V.M, Eds., Moscow: Ruda i Metally}, 2003.

  27. Ehrburger, P. and Walker, P.L., J. Catal., 1978, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 63–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Baklanova, O.N., Plaksin, G.V., and Drozdov, V.A., Ross. Khim. Zh., 2004, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 89–94.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Bandow, S., Asaka, S., Saito, Y., Rao, A.M., Grigorian, L., Richer, E., and Eclung, P.C., Phys. Rev. Lett., 1998, vol. 80, no. 17, pp. 3779–3782.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Lyu, S.C., Liu, B.C., Lee, S.H., Park, C.Y., Kang, H.K., Yang, C.W., and Lee, C.J., J. Phys. Chem. B, 2004, vol. 108, no. 5, pp. 1613–1616.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Asokan, V., Myrseth, V., and Kosinski, P., J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2015, vol. 81, pp. 106–115.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kavecký, S., Valúchová, J., Caplovicová, M., Heisser, S., Šajgalíc, P., and Janek, M., Appl. Clay Sci., 2015, vol. 114, pp. 170–178.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Tian, Z., Liu, C., Li, Q., Hou, J., Li, Y., and Ai, S., Appl. Catal., A, 2015, vol. 506, pp. 134–142.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Tourani, S., Khorasheh, F., Rashidi, A.M., and Safekordi, A.A., J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2015, vol. 28, pp. 202–210.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Xu, K., Li, Y., Xu, X., Zhou, C., Liu, Z., Yang, F., Zhang, L., Wang, G., Gao, J., and Xu, C., Fuel, 2015, vol. 160, pp. 291–296.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Sun, T.-M., Dong, L.-M., Wang, C., Guo, W.-L., Wang, L., and Liang, T.-X., New Carbon Mater., 2013, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 349–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Richard, D. and Gallezot, P., Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 1987, vol. 31, pp. 71–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Baklanova, O.N., Drozdov, V.A., Lavrenov, A.V., Vasilevich, A.V., Muromtsev, I.V., Trenikhin, M.V., Arbuzov, A.B., Likholobov, V.A., and Gorbunova, O.V., J. Alloys Compd., 2015, vol. 646, pp. 145–154.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Surovikin, V.F., Ross. Khim. Zh., 2007, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 92–97.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ermakov, Yu.I., Surovikin, V.F., Plaksin, G.V., Semikolenov, V.A., Likholobov, V.A., Chuvilin, L.V., and Bogdanov, S.V., React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 1987, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 435–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Plaksin, G.V., Creation of new types of porous carbon materials for catalysis and adsorption processes, Doctoral (Chem.) Dissertation, Novosibirsk Inst. Catal. Sib. Branch Russ. Acad. Sci., 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Baklanova, O.N., Plaksin, G.V., and Duplyakin, V.K., Ross. Khim. Zh., 2007, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 119–125.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Derbyshire, F.J., De Beer, V.H.J., Abotsi, G.M.K., Scaroni, A.W., Solar, J.M., and Skrovanek, D.J., Appl. Catal., A, 1986, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 117–131.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Ghampson, I.T., Sepúlveda, C., Garcia, R., Radovic, L.R., García Fierro, J.L., DeSisto, W.J., and Escalona, N., Appl. Catal., A, 2012, vols. 439–440, pp. 111–124.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Gordeev, A.V. and Vodyankina, O.V., Pet. Chem., 2014, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 452–458.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Surisetty, V.R., Dalai, A.K., and Kosinski, J., Appl. Catal., A, 2011, vol. 393, nos. 1–2, pp. 50–58.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Deliyanni, E. and Bandosz, T.J., J. Hazard. Mater., 2011, vol. 186, no. 1, pp. 667–674.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Martín-Gullón, A., Prado-Burguette, C., and Rodríguez-Reinoso, F., Carbon, 1993, vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 1099–1105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. De la Puente, G. and Menéndez, J.A., Solid State Ionics, 1998, vol. 112, nos. 1–2, pp. 103–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Vissers, J.P.R., Bouwens, S.M.A.M., De Beer, V.H.J., and Prins, R., Carbon, 1987, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 485–493.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Guy, P.J. and Perry, G.J., Fuel, 1992, vol. 71, no. 10, pp. 1083–1086.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Lillo-Ródenas, M.A., Juan-Juan, J., Cazorla-Amorós, D., and Linares-Solano, A., Carbon, 2004, vol. 42, no. 7, pp 1371–1375.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Marsh, H. and Rodriguez-Reinoso, F., Activated Carbon, Amsterdam Elsevier, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Tay, T., Ucar, S., and Karagöz, S., J. Hazard. Mater., 2009, vol. 165, nos. 1–3, pp. 481–485.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Xue, R. and Shen, Z., Carbon, 2003, vol. 41, no. 9, pp. 1862–1864.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Lu, C., Xu, S., Wang, M., Wei, L., Liu, S., and Liu, C., Carbon, 2007, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 206–209.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Raymundo-Piñero, E., Azaïs, P., Cacciaguerra, T., Cazorla-Amorós, D., Linares-Solano, A., and Béguin, F., Carbon, 2005, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 786–795.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Zhu, Y., Murali, S., Stoller, M.D., Ganesh, K.J., Cai, W., Ferreira, P.J., Pirkle, A., Wallace, R.M., Cychosz, K.A., Thommes, M., Su, D., Stach, E.A., and Ruoff, R.S., Science, 2011, vol. 332, no. 6037, pp. 1537–1540.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Tamarkina, Yu.V., Kucherenko, V.A., and Shendrik, T.G., Solid Fuel Chem., 2014, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 251–259.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Ferrari, M., Lahousse, C., Centeno, A., Maggi, R., Grange, P., and Delmon, B., Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 1998, vol. 118, pp. 505–515.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Ferrari, M., Delmon, B., and Grange, P., Carbon, 2002, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 497–511.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Farag, H., Appl. Catal., B, 2008, vol. 84, nos. 1–2, pp. 1–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Díaz, J.A., Akhavan, H., Romero, A., Garcia-Minguillan, A.M., Romero, R., Giroir-Fendler, A., and Valverde, J.L., Fuel Process. Technol., 2014, vol. 128, pp. 417–424.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Ferrari, M., Delmon, B., and Grange, P., Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 2002, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 279–290.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Guo, S., Pan, X., Yu, L., and Bao, X., Mater. Lett., 2011, vol. 65, no. 11, pp. 1522–1524.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Jabbour, K., El Hassan, N.L., Davidson, A., Massiani, P., and Casale, S., Chem. Eng. J., 2015, vol. 264, pp. 351–358.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Otsuka, K., Ogihara, H., and Takenaka, S., Carbon, 2003, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 223–233.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Minchev, C., Huwe, H., Tsoncheva, T., Paneva, D., Dimitrov, M., Mitov, I., and Fröba, M., Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 2005, vol. 81, nos. 1–3, pp. 333–341.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Otsuka, K., Abe, Y., Kanai, N., Kobayashi, Y., Takenaka, S., and Tanabe, E., Carbon, 2004, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 727–736.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Perederii, M.A., Noskova, Yu.A., Karaseva, M.S., and Konovalov, P.N., Solid Fuel Chem., 2009, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 362–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Huang, G.-H., Liu, S.-J., and Hwang, W.-S., Energy, 2011, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 4410–4414.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Duartea, F.M., Maldonado-Hódar, F.J., and Madeira, L.M., Appl. Catal., A, 2013, vol. 458, pp. 39–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Solar, J.M., Derbyshire, F.J., De Beer, V.H.J., and Radovic, L.R., J. Catal., 1991, vol. 129, no. 2, pp. 330–342.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Zhu, J., Yang, J., Liu, Z., Dadyburjor, D.B., Zhong, B., and Li, B., Fuel Process. Technol., 2001, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 199–214.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Zhao, J., Feng, Z., Huggins, F.E., and Huffman, G.P., Energy Fuels, 1996, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 250–253.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Amin, R.S., Abdel Hameed, R.M., El-Khatib, K.M., Elsayed Youssef, M., and Elzatahry, A.A., Electrochim. Acta, 2012, vol. 59, pp. 499–508.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Mendoza-Nieto, J.A., Vera-Vallejoa, O., Escobar-Alarcón, L., Solis-Casados, D., and Klimova, T., Fuel, 2013, vol. 110, pp. 268–277.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Dorokhov, V.S., Ishutenko, D.I., Nikul’shin, P.A., Kotsareva, K.V., Trusova, E.A., Bondarenko, T.N., Eliseev, O.L., Lapidus, A.L., Rozhdestvenskaya, N.N., and Kogan, V.M., Kinet. Catal., 2013, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 243–252.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Kaluža, L. and Zdražil, M., Carbon, 2001, vol. 39, no. 13, pp. 2023–2034.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Centeno, A., Laurent, E., and Delmon, B., J. Catal., 1995, vol. 154, no. 2, pp. 288–298.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Matos, J., Brito, J.L., and Laine, J., Appl. Catal., A, 1997, vol. 152, no. 1, pp. 27–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Ferrari, M., Bosmans, S., Maggi, R., Delmon, B., and Grange, P., Catal. Today, 2001, vol. 65, nos. 2–4, pp. 257–264.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Vasilevich, A.V., Baklanova, O.N., Lavrenov, A.V., Buluchevskii, E.A., Knyazheva, O.A., Gulyaeva, T.I., and Likholobov, V.A., Solid Fuel Chem., 2015, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 49–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Furimsky, E., Appl. Catal., A, 2003, vol. 240, nos. 1–2, pp. 1–28.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Ardakani, S.J., Liu, X., and Smith, K.J., Appl. Catal., A, 2007, vol. 324, pp. 9–19.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Guil-López, R., Martínez-Huerta, M.V., Guillén-Villafuerte, O., Peña, M.A., Fierro, J.L.G., and Pastor, E., Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2010, vol. 35, no. 15, pp. 7881–7888.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Meyer, S., Nikiforov, A.V., Petrushina, I.M., Köhler, K., Christensen, E., Jensen, J.O., and Bjerrum, N.J., Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2015, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 2905–2911.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Claridge, J.B., York, A.P.E., Brungs, A.J., Alvarez, C.M., Sloan, J., Tsang, S.C., and Green, M.L.H., J. Catal., 1998, vol. 180, no. 1, pp. 85–100.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Arun, N., Sharma, R.V., and Dalai, A.K., Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 2015, vol. 48, pp. 240–255.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Frauwallner, M.-L., López-Linares, F., Lara-Romero, J., Scott, C.E., Ali, V., Hernández, E., and Pereira-Almao, P., Appl. Catal., A, 2011, vol. 394, nos. 1–2, pp. 62–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Vo, D.-V.N. and Adesina, A.A., Appl. Catal., A, 2011, vol. 399, nos. 1–2, pp. 221–232.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Siaj, M., Temprano, I., Dubuc, N., and McBreen, P.H., J. Organomet. Chem., 2006, vol. 691, nos. 24–25, pp. 5497–5504.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Hynaus, A., Sayag, C., Suppan, S., Trawczynski, J., Lewandowski, M., Szymanska-Kolasa, A., and Djéga-Mariadassou, G., Appl. Catal., B, 2007, vol. 72, nos. 1–2, pp. 62–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Dhandapani, B., Clair, T.St., and Oyama, S.T., Appl. Catal., A, 1998, vol. 168, no. 2, pp. 219–228.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Kosolapova, T.Ya., Carbides: Properties, Production, and Applications, New York Plenum Press, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Merzhanov, A.G. and Borovinskaya, I.P., Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1972, vol. 204, no. 2, pp. 366–369.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Plazmennye protsessy v metallurgii i tekhnologii neorganicheskikh materialov (Plasma Processes in Metallurgy and Technology of Inorganic Materials), Paton, B.E., Ed., Moscow, Nauka, 1973.

  98. Vapor Deposition, Powell, C.F., Oxley, J.H., and Blocher, J.M., Eds., New York, Wiley, 1966.

  99. Senderoff, S., Mellors, G.W., and Reinhart, W.J., J. Electrochem. Soc., 1965, vol. 112, no. 8, pp. 840–845.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Miyao, T., Shishikura, I., Matsuoka, M., Nagai, M., and Oyama, S.T., Appl. Catal., A, 1997, vol. 165, nos. 1–2, pp. 419–428.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Schaidle, J.A., Schweitzer, N.M., Ajenifujah, O.T., and Thompson, L.T., J. Catal., 2012, vol. 289, pp. 210–217.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Chai, S.-H., Schwartz, V., Howe, J.Y., Wang, X., Kidder, M., Overbury, S.H., Dai, S., and Jiang, D.-E., Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 2013, vol. 170, pp. 141–149.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Yan, Z., Xie, J., and Shen, P.K., J. Power Sources, 2015, vol. 286, pp. 239–246.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Vitale, G., Guzmán, H., Frauwallner, M.L., Scott, C.E., and Pereira-Almao, P., Catal. Today, 2015, vol. 250, pp. 123–133.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Vitale, G., Frauwallner, M.L., Scott, C.E., and Pereira-Almao, P., Appl. Catal., A, 2011, vol. 408, nos. 1–2, pp. 178–186.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Roy, A., Serov, A., Artyushkova, K., Brosha, E.L., Atanassov, P., and Ward, T.L., J. Solid State Chem., 2015, vol. 228, pp. 232–238.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Kaewpanha, M., Guan, G., Ma, Y., Hao, X., Zhang, Z., Reubroychareon, P., Kusakabe, K., and Abudula, A., Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2015, vol. 40, no. 25, pp. 7974–7982.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Torabi, O., Golabgir, M.H., Tajizadegan, H., and Torabi, H., Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 2014, vol. 47, pp. 18–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Xia, Z.P., Shen, Y.Q., Shen, J.J., and Li, Z.O., J. Alloys Compd., 2008, vol. 453, nos. 1–2, pp. 185–190.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Khabbaz, S., Honarbakhsh-Raouf, A., Ataie, A., and Saghafi, M., Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 2013, vol. 41, pp. 402–407.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. N. Terekhova.

Additional information

Original Russian Text © E.N. Terekhova, O.N. Baklanova, A.V. Lavrenov, 2017, published in Kataliz v Promyshlennosti.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Terekhova, E.N., Baklanova, O.N. & Lavrenov, A.V. Carbon-containing catalysts for the hydroprocessing of oil fractions: A review. Catal. Ind. 9, 110–121 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070050417020106

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070050417020106

Keywords

Navigation