Abstract
One of the primary conditions necessary for the success of magnetic fusion reactors is the ability to mitigate damage to the first wall during ELMs and plasma disruptions. A potential solution involves the use of flowing liquid metals such as lithium as a first wall, but ensuring its stability under the extreme environments in the reactor would be imperative. The conditions leading to instabilities on the free surface of flowing liquid lithium (LL) layers on a substrate and in a porous material are investigated using both analytical methods and computational modeling, with consideration for the effects of LL velocity, LL layer thickness, substrate porosity, LL permeability, and hydrogen (H) plasma velocity. Linear stability analysis is used to predict the critical velocity and wavelength-dependence of wave growth, as well as the onset of instability. The modeling of LL flows is performed on a flat substrate and in a porous material for various LL thicknesses, LL and H plasma velocities to analyze the conditions leading to droplet formation and ejection.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. A. Abdou, A. Ying, N. Morley, K. Gulec, S. Smolentsev, M. Kotschenreuther, S. Malang, S. Zinkle, T. Rognlien, P. Fogarty, B. Nelson, R. Nygren, K. McCarthy, M. Z. Youssef, N. Ghoniem, et al., Fusion Eng. Des. 54, 181 (2001).
D. N. Ruzic, M. Szott, C. Sandoval, M. Christenson, P. Fiflis, S. Hammouti, K. Kalathiparambil, I. Shchelkanov, D. Andruczyk, R. Stubbers, C. Joel Foster, and B. Jurczyk, Nucl. Mater. Energy 12, 1324 (2017).
V. A. Evtikhin, I. E. Lyublinski, A. V. Vertkov, S. V. Mirnov, V. B. Lazarev, N. P. Petrova, S. M. Sotnikov, A. P. Chernobai, B. I. Khripunov, V. B. Petrov, D. Yu. Prokhorov, and V. M. Korzhavin, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 44, 955 (2002).
V. A. Evtikhin, I. E. Lyublinski, A. V. Vertkov, V. G. Belan, I. K. Konkashbaev, and L. B. Nikandrov, J. Nucl. Mater. 271, 396 (1999).
V. A. Evtikhin, I. E. Lyublinski, A. V. Vertkov, E. A. Azizov, S. V. Mirnov, V. B. Lazarev, S. M. Sotnikov, V. M. Safronov, A. S. Prokhorov, and V. M. Korzhavin, Plasma Sci. Technol. 6, 2291 (2004).
M. A. Jaworski, A. Brooks, R. Kaita, N. Lopes-Cardozo, J. Menard, M. Ono, P. Rindt, and K. Tresemer, Fusion Eng. Des. 112, 93 (2016).
P. Rindt, N. J. L. Cardozo, J. A. W. van Dommelen, R. Kaita, and M. A. Jaworski, Fusion Eng. Des. 112, 204 (2016).
V. A. Evtikhin, I. E. Lyuklinsky, A. V. Vertkov, L. I. Ivanov, Y. P. Ivanov, O. N. Krokhin, V. Y. Nikulin, S. N. Polukhin, T. V. Safronova, and A. A. Tikhomirov, Nukleonika 46, S113 (2001).
M. Narula, A. Ying, and M. A. Abdou, Fusion Sci. Technol. 47, 564 (2005).
T. Kanemura, H. Kondo, N. Yamaoka, S. Miyamoto, M. Ida, H. Nakamura, I. Matsushita, T. Muroga, and H. Horiike, Fusion Eng. Des. 82, 2550 (2007).
S. Yoshihashi, T. Masaoka, E. Hoashi, T. Okita, H. Kondo, T. Kanemura, N. Yamaoka, and H. Horiike, Fusion Eng. Des. 102, 108 (2016).
S. Gordeev, V. Heinzel, and R. Stieglitz, Int. J. Heat Fluid 43, 285 (2013).
W. Y. Xu, D. Curreli, and D. N. Ruzic, Fusion Eng. Des. 89, 2868 (2014).
G. V. Miloshevsky and A. Hassanein, Nucl. Fusion 50, 115005 (2010).
Y. Shi, G. Miloshevsky, and A. Hassanein, J. Nucl. Mater. 412, 123 (2011).
G. Miloshevsky and A. Hassanein, Nucl. Fusion 54, 033008 (2014).
G. Miloshevsky and A. Hassanein, Nucl. Fusion 54, 043016 (2014).
H. G. Weller, G. Tabor, H. Jasak, and C. Fureby, Comput. Phys. 12, 620 (1998).
M. H. O. Allah, Appl. Math. Comput. 217, 7920 (2011).
S. D. Suraj, A. Lakshman, and F. T. Mario, Comput. Sci. Disc. 5, 014016 (2012).
E. Berberovic, N. P. van Hinsberg, S. Jakirlic, I. V. Roisman, and C. Tropea, Phys. Rev. E 79, 036306 (2009).
A. Q. Raeini, M. J. Blunt, and B. Bijeljic, J. Comput. Phys. 231, 5653 (2012).
G. Miloshevsky and A. Hassanein, J. Nucl. Mater. 438, S155 (2013).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Published in Russian in Fizika Plazmy, 2018, Vol. 44, No. 7, pp. 593–600.
The article is published in the original.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rudolph, J., Miloshevsky, G. Analysis and Modeling of Lithium Flows in Porous Materials. Plasma Phys. Rep. 44, 685–691 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063780X1807005X
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063780X1807005X