Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Vertical distribution and kinematics of protoplanetary nebulae in the galaxy

  • Published:
Astronomy Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The catalogue of protoplanetary nebulae by Vickers et al. has been supplemented with the line-of-sight velocities and proper motions of their central stars from the literature. Based on an exponential density distribution, we have estimated the vertical scale height from objects with an age less than 3 Gyr belonging to the Galactic thin disk (luminosities higher than 5000 L ⊙) to be h = 146 ± 15 pc, while from a sample of older objects (luminosities lower than 5000 L ⊙) it is h = 568 ± 42 pc. We have produced a list of 147 nebulae in which there are only the line-of-sight velocities for 55 nebulae, only the proper motions for 25 nebulae, and both line-of-sight velocities and proper motions for 67 nebulae. Based on this kinematic sample, we have estimated the Galactic rotation parameters and the residual velocity dispersions of protoplanetary nebulae as a function of their age. We have established that there is a good correlation between the kinematic properties of nebulae and their separation in luminosity proposed by Vickers. Most of the nebulae are shown to be involved in the Galactic rotation, with the circular rotation velocity at the solar distance being V 0 = 227 ± 23 km s−1. The following principal semiaxes of the residual velocity dispersion ellipsoid have been found: (σ1, σ2, σ3) = (47, 41, 29) km s−1 from a sample of young protoplanetary nebulae (with luminosities higher than 5000 L ⊙), (σ1, σ2, σ3) = (50, 38, 28) km s−1 from a sample of older protoplanetary nebulae (with luminosities of 4000 L ⊙ or 3500 L ⊙), and (σ1, σ2, σ3) = (91, 49, 36) km s−1 from a sample of halo nebulae (with luminosities of 1700 L ⊙).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. C. Allen and A. Santillán, Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis. 22, 255 (1991).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. V. P. Arkhipova, N. P. Ikonnikova, R. I. Noskova, G. V. Komissarova, V. G. Klochkova, and V. F. Esipov, Astron. Lett. 27, 719 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. A. T. Bajkova and V. V. Bobylev, Baltic Astron. 24, 43 (2015).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. V. V. Bobylev and A. T. Bajkova, Astron. Lett. 39, 809 (2013).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. V. V. Bobylev and A. T. Bajkova, Astron. Lett. 40, 389 (2014).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. V. V. Bobylev and A. T. Bajkova, Astron. Lett. 42, 1 (2016).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. V. V. Bobylev and A. T. Bajkova, Astron. Lett. 43, 304 (2017).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. C. Bonatto, L.O. Kerber, E. Bica, and B. X. Santiago, Astron. Astrophys. 446, 121 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. J. Bovy, H.-W. Rix, and D. W. Hogg, Astrophys. J. 751, 131 (2012).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. J. Bovy, H.-W. Rix, E. F. Schlafly, D. L. Nidever, J. A. Holtzman, M. Shetrone, and T. C. Beers, Astrophys. J. 823, 30 (2016).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. A. G. A. Brown, A. Vallenari, T. Prusti, J. de Bruijne, F. Mignard, R. Drimmel, et al. (GAIA Collab.), Astron. Astrophys. 595, A2 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. A. S. M. Buckner and D. Froebrich, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 444, 290 (2014).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. L. Chen, M. Geffert, J. J. Wang, K. Reif, and J. M. Braun, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 145, 223 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. B. Chen, C. Stoughton, J. A. Smith, A. Uomoto, J. R. Pier, B. Yanny, Ž.E. Ivezić, D. G. York, et al., Astrophys. J. 553, 184 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. R. M. Deacon, J. M. Chapman, and A. J. Green, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 155, 595 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. V. P. Debattista, O. Gerhard, and M. N. Sevenster, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 334, 355 (2002).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. W. Dehnen and J. J. Binney, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 298, 387 (1998).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. D. Engels and F. Bunzel, Astron.Astrophys. 582, A68 (2015).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. D. S. Evans, in Proceedings of the IAU Symposium No. 30, Toronto, Canada (1979), p. 57.

    Google Scholar 

  20. D. J. Frew, PhD Thesis (Dep. Physics, Macquarie Univ., NSW 2109, Australia, 2008).

    Google Scholar 

  21. P. Garcia-Lario, in Planetary Nebulae in Our Galaxy and Beyond, Proceedings of the IAU Symposium No. 234, Ed. by M. J. Barlow and R. H. Méndez (2006).

  22. P. Garcia-Lario, A. Manchado, W. Pych, and S. R. Pottasch, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 126, 479 (1997).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. K. Gesicki, A. A. Zijlstra, M. Hajduk, and C. Szyszka, Astron. Astrophys. 566, A48 (2014).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. S. Gillessen, F. Eisenhauer, T. K. Fritz, H. Bartko, K. Dodds-Eden, O. Pfuhl, T. Ott, and R. Genzel, Astroph. J. 707, L114 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. J. F. Gómez, J. R. Rizzo, O. Suárez, A. Palau, L. F. Miranda, M. A. Guerrero, G. Ramos-Larios, and J. M. Torrelles, Astron. Astrophys. 578, 119 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. H.J. Habing and H. Olofsson, Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars (Springer, New York, Berlin, 2003).

    Google Scholar 

  27. The HIPPARCOS and Tycho Catalogues, ESA SP-1200 (1997).

  28. E. Høg, A. Kuzmin, U. Bastian, C. Fabricius, K. Kuimov, L. Lindegren, V. V. Makarov, and S. Roeser, Astron. Astrophys. 335, L65 (1998).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. E. Høg, C. Fabricius, V. V. Makarov, U. Bastian, P. Schwekendiek, A. Wicenec, S. Urban, T. Corbin, and G. Wycoff, Astron. Astrophys. 355, L27 (2000).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. H. Imai, R. Sahai, and M. Morris, Astrophys. J. 669, 424 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. H. Imai, T. Kurayama, M. Honma, and T. Miyaji, Astrophys. J. 771, 47 (2013).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. N. V. Kharchenko, R.-D. Scholz, A. E. Piskunov, S. Röser, and E. Schilbach, Astron. Nachr. 328, 889 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. N. V. Kharchenko, A. E. Piskunov, E. Schilbach, S. Röser, and R.-D. Scholz, Astron. Astrophys. 558, A53 (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  34. V. G. Klochkova, Astron. Lett. 39, 765 (2013).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. V. G. Klochkova, R. Szczerba, V. E. Panchuk, and K. Volk, Astron. Astrophys. 345, 905 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. V. G. Klochkova, E. L. Chentsov, N. S. Tavolzhanskaya, and V. E. Panchuk, Astron. Rep. 51, 642 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. V. G. Klochkova, E. L. Chentsov, V. E. Panchuk, E. G. Sendzikas, and M. V. Yushkin, Astrophys. Bull. 69, 439 (2014).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. V.G. Klochkova, V. E. Panchuk, and N. S. Tavolzhanskaya, Astron. Lett. 41, 14 (2015).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. F. van Leeuwen, Astron. Astrophys. 474, 653 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. L. Lindegren, U. Lammers, U. Bastian, J. Hernandez, S. Klioner, D. Hobbs, A. Bombrun, D. Michalik, et al., Astron. Astrophys. 595, A4 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. S. R. Majewski, Astron. Nachr. 337, 863 (2016).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. D. R. C. Mello, S. Daflon, C. B. Pereira, and I. Hubeny, Astron. Astrophys. 543, 11 (2012).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. D. Michalik, L. Lindegren, and D. Hobbs, Astron. Astrophys. 574, A115 (2015).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. C. J. Mooney, W. R. J. Rolleston, F. P. Keenan, P. L. Dufton, J. V. Smoker, R. S. I. Ryans, and L. H. Aller, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 337, 851 (2002).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. G. Neugebauer, B. T. Soifer, G. Miley, H. J. Habing, E. Young, F. J. Low, C. A. Beichman, P. E. Clegg, et al., Astrophys. J. 278L, 83 (1984).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. K. F. Ogorodnikov, Dynamics of Stellar Systems (Fizmatgiz, Moscow, 1965)[in Russian].

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  47. E.-M. Pauli, R. Napiwotzki, U. Heber, M. Altmann, and M. Odenkirchen, Astron. Astrophys. 447, 173 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. A. F. Pérez-Sánchez, W. H. T. Vlemmings, D. Tafoya, and J. M. Chapman, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 436, L79 (2013).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. T. Prusti, J.H.J. de Bruijne, A.G.A. Brown, A. Vallenari, C. Babusiaux, C. A. L. Bailer-Jones, U. Bastian, M. Biermann, et al. (GAIA Collab.), Astron. Astrophys. 595, A1 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. S. S. Rao, S. Giridhar, and D. L. Lambert, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 419, 1254 (2012).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. A. S. Rastorguev, M. V. Zabolotskikh, A. K. Dambis, N. D. Utkin, A. T. Bajkova, and V. V. Bobylev, Astrophys. Bull. 72, 122 (2017).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. M. J. Reid, K. M. Menten, A. Brunthaler, X.W. Zheng, T.M.Dame, Y. Xu, Y.Wu, B. Zhang, et al., Astrophys. J. 783, 130 (2014).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. M. Reyniers and H. van Winckel, Astron. Astrophys. 365, 465 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. H.-W. Rix and J. Bovy, Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 21, 61 (2013).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. R. S. I. Ryans, P. L. Dufton, F. P. Keenan, S. J. Smartt, K. R. Sembach, D. J. Lennon, and K. A. Venn, Astrophys. J. 490, 267 (1997).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  56. C. Sánchez Contreras and R. Sahai, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 203, 16 (2012).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  57. R. Schönrich, J. Binney, and W. Dehnen, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 403, 1829 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. L. Stanghellini and M. Haywood, Astrophys. J. 714, 1096 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. O. Suárez, P. Garcia-Lario, A. Manchado, M. Manteiga, A. Ulla, and S. R. Pottasch, Astron. Astrophys. 458, 173 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. R. Szczerba, N. Siodmiak, G. Stasińska, and J. Borkowski, Astron. Astrophys. 469, 799 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. R. Szczerba, N. Siodmiak, G. Stasińska, J. Borkowski, P. Garcia-Lario, O. Suárez, M. Hajduk, and D. A. Garcia-Hernández, in Planetary Nebulae: An Eye to the Future, Proceedings of the IAU Symposium No 283, Ed. by A. Manchado, L. Stanghellini and D. Schönberner (2012), p. 506.

  62. R. J. Trumpler and H. F. Weaver, Statistical Astronomy (Univ. of California Press, Berkely, 1953).

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  63. S. Vennes, R. J. Smith, B. J. Boyle, S. M. Croom, A. Kawka, T. Shanks, L. Miller, and N. Loaring, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 335, 673 (2002).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. S. B. Vickers, D. J. Frew, Q. A. Parker, and I. S. Bojičić, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 447, 1673 (2015).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. D.-H. Yoon, S.-H. Cho, J. Kim, Y. J. Yun, and Y.- S. Park, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 211, 15 (2014).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. N. Zacharias, S. E. Urban, M. I. Zacharias, G. L. Wycoff, D.M. Hall, M.E. Germain, E.R. Holdenried, and L. Winter, Astron. J. 127, 3043 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. N. Zacharias, C. T. Finch, T. M. Girard, N. Hambly, G. Wycoff, M. I. Zacharias, D. Castillo, T. T. Corbin, et al., Astron. J. 139, 2184 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. N. Zacharias, C. T. Finch, T. M. Girard, A. Henden, J. L. Bartlett, D. G. Monet, and M. I. Zacharias, Astron. J. 145, 44 (2013).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pulkovskoe sh. 65, St. Petersburg, 196140, Russia

    V. V. Bobylev & A. T. Bajkova

Authors
  1. V. V. Bobylev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. T. Bajkova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. V. Bobylev.

Additional information

Original Russian Text © V.V. Bobylev, A.T. Bajkova, 2017, published in Pis’ma v Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, 2017, Vol. 43, No. 7, pp. 500–512.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bobylev, V.V., Bajkova, A.T. Vertical distribution and kinematics of protoplanetary nebulae in the galaxy. Astron. Lett. 43, 452–463 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063773717070027

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063773717070027

Keywords

Search

Navigation