Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Coking of Catalysts: Mechanisms, Models, and Influence

  • REVIEW
  • Published:
Kinetics and Catalysis Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This review considers the mechanism of multilayered coke formation on catalysts of various types and analyzes its possible variants. A detailed derivation of equations of the dynamics of accumulation for different types of coke and the kinetics of its deactivating effect is given. The substantiated dependences of the relative activity of a catalyst on the concentration of coke are derived. Specific examples of these dependences are presented. They confirm the advantages of rigorous models based on the mechanism of the phenomenon in comparison with the formal description of experiments, which does not have predictive power.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 10.
Fig. 11.
Fig. 12.
Fig. 13.
Fig. 14.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Buyanov, R.A., Zakoksovanie katalizatorov (Coking of Catalysts), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1983.

  2. Ostrovskii, N.M., Kinetika dezaktivatsii katalizatorov (Kinetics of Deactivation of Catalysts), Moscow: Nauka, 2001.

  3. De Chen, Lodeng, R., Anundskas, A., Olsvik, O., and Holmen, A., Chem. Eng. Sci., 2001, vol. 56. P. 1371.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Martinis, J.M. and Froment, G.F., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2006, vol. 45. P. 940.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Querini, C.A., Coke Characterization, In Catalysis, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2004, vol. 17, p. 166.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Xu, W.Q., Yin, Y.G., Suib, S.L., and O’Young, C.L., J. Phys. Chem., 1995, vol. 99, p. 758.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Querini, C.A. and Fung, S.C., Catal. Today, 1997, vol. 37, p. 277.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Tracz, E., Scholz, R., and Borowiecki, T., Appl. Catal., 1990, vol. 66, p. 133.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Radushkevich, L.V. and Luk’yanovich, V.M., Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1952, vol. 26, p. 88.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Monthioux, M. and Kuznetsov, V.L., Carbon, 2006, vol. 44, p. 1621.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Iijima, S. and Ichihashi, T., Nature, 1993, vol. 363, p. 603.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bethune, D.S., Kiang, C.H., de Vries, M.S., Gorman, G., Savoj, R., Vazquez, J., and Beyers, R., Nature, 1993, vol. 363, p. 605.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Boehm, H.P., Carbon, 1997, vol. 35, p. 581.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Deactivation and Poisoning of Catalyst, in Chemical Industries, Oudar, J. and Wise, H., Eds., New York: Marcel Dekker, 1985, vol. 20, p. 328.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Biswas, J., Bickle, G.M., Gray, P.G., Do, D.D., and Barbier, J., Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng., 1988, vol. 30, p. 161.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Buyanov, R.A. and Chesnokov, V.V., Problems of Deactivation of Catalysts, Materialy 2-go Vsesoyuzn. Soveshch (Materials of the 2nd All-Union. Meeting), Novosibirsk, 1989, p. 3.

  17. Bianchi, D., Tau, L.M., Borcar, S., and Bennett, C.O., J. Catal., 1983, vol. 84, p. 358.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Cooper, B.J. and Trimm, D.L., J. Catal., 1980, vol. 62, p. 35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Trimm, D.L., Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng., 1977, vol. 16, p. 155.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Yokomizo, G.H. and Bell, A.T., J. Catal., 1989, vol. 119, p. 467.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Sacco, A., Geurts, F.W.A.H., Jablonski, G.A., Lee, S., and Gately, R.A., J. Catal., 1989, vol. 119, p. 322.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Chesnokov, V.V., Zaikovskii, V.I., Buyanov, R.A., Molchanov, V.V., and Plyasova, L.M., Catal. Today, 1995, vol. 24, p. 265.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Chesnokov, V.V., Buyanov, R.A., Pakhomov, N.A., and Zaikovskii, V.I., Kinet. Katal., 1991, vol. 32, p. 1494.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Olander, D.R. and Balooch, M., J. Catal., 1979, vol. 60, p. 41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Martin, M.T. and Hudson, J.B., J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 1978, vol. 15, p. 474.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Davis, S.M., Zaera, F., and Somorjai, G.A., J. Catal., 1982, vol. 77, p. 439.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Froment, G.F. and Bischoff, K.B., Chem. Eng. Sci., 1962, vol. 17, p. 105.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ostrovskii, N.M., Kinet. Catal., 2001, vol. 42, p. 354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Ostrovskii, N.M., Kinet. Catal., 2001, vol. 42, p. 364.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Levenspiel, O., J. Catal., 1972, vol. 25, p. 265.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Corella, J. and Asua, J.M., Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Develop., 1982, vol. 21, p. 55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ostrovskii, N.M. and Yablonskii, G.S., React. Kinet. Catal., Lett., 1989, vol. 39, p. 287.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ostrovskii, N.M., Chem. Eng. J., 2006, vol. 120, p. 73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Herz, R.K., Gillespie, W.D., Petersen, E.E., and Somorjai, G.A., J. Catal., 1981, vol. 67, p. 371.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Jossens, L.W. and Petersen, E.E., J. Catal., 1982, vol. 73, p. 377.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Ostrovskii, N.M., Karpova, L.A., and Duplyakin, V.K., Kinet. Katal., 1984, vol. 25, p. 1117.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Ostrovskii, N.M. and Demanov, Yu.K., Khim. Tekhnol. Topl. Masel., 1991, vol. 42, p. 35.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Ostrovskii, N.M., Chalganov, E.M., Demanov, Yu.K., Kolomytsev, Yu.N., and Bogomolova, O.B., React. Kinet. Catal., Lett. 1990, vol. 41, p. 277.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Ostrovskii, N.M., Kinet. Catal., 2005, vol. 46, p. 737.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Dumez, F.J. and Froment, G.F., Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Develop., 1976, vol. 15, p. 291.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. De Chen, Rebo, H.P., and Holmen, A., Chem. Eng. Sci., 1999, vol. 54, p. 3465.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Ostrovski, N.M., Rovenskaja, S.A., and Echevski, G.V., Chem. Ind. Chem. Eng. Q., 2007, vol. 13, p. 51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Trimm, D.L., In Deactivation and Poisoning of Catalysts, Oudar, J. and Wise, H., Chemical Industries, New-York: Marcel Dekker Inc., 1985, vol. 20, p. 151.

  44. Biswas, J., Gray, P.G., and Do, D.D., Appl. Catal., 1987, vol. 32, p. 249.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Sarkany, A., Lieske, H., Szilagyi, N., and Toth, L., Proc. of VIII Int. Congr. Catal., Berlin, 1984, vol. 2, p. 613.

  46. Srivastava, R.D., Prasad, N.S., and Pal, A.K., Chem. Eng. Sci., 1986, vol. 41, p. 719.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Boronin, A.N., Bukhtiyarov, V.I., and Kvon, R., Izv. Sib. Otd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Khim., 1990, vol. 2, p. 75.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Parera, J.M., Figoli, N.S., Traffano, E.M., Beltramini, J.N., and Martinelli, E.E., Appl. Catal., 1983, vol. 5, p. 33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Pakhomov, N.A., Buyanov, R.A., and Chesnokov, V.V., in Tez. dokl. 2-go Vsesoyuzn. soveshch. po probl. dezaktivatsii katalizatrov (Abstracts of 2nd All-Union Meeting by Problems of Deactivation of Catalysts), Ufa, 1989, part 2, p. 23.

  50. Dejaifve, P., Auroux, A., Gravelle, P.C., Vedrine, J.C., Gabelica, Z., and Derouane, E.G., J. Catal., 1981, vol. 70, p. 123.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Echevskii, G.V., Kalinina, N.G., Anufrienko, V.F., and Poluboyarov, V.A., React. Kinet. Catal., Lett., 1987, vol. 33, p. 305.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Echevskii, G.V., Kharlamov, G.V., Poluboyarov, V.A., Kalinina, N.G., Litvak, G.S., and Anufrienko, V.F., Kinet. Katal., 1987, vol. 28, p. 1462.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Echevskii, G.V., Regularities of coke formation on zeolites in the reactions of synthesis and conversion of hydrocarbons, Cand. Sci. (Chem.) Dissertation, Novosibirsk, 1996.

  54. Beyne, A.O.E. and Froment, G.F., Chem. Eng. Sci., 1990, vol. 45, p. 2089.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Stepanov, V.G., Litvinenko, N.G., and Ione, K.G., Neftepererab. Neftekhim., 1992, no. 10, p. 14.

  56. Dorogochinskii, A.Z., Proskurin, A.L., Ovcharov, S.N., and Krushina, N.N., Tematich. obzor (Thematic Review), Moscow: TsNIITEneftekhim, 1989.

  57. Rovenskaja, S.A. and Ostrovski, N.M., Chem. Ind., 2003, vol. 57, no. 9, p. 399.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Ostrovski, N.M., Rovenskaja, S.A., and Echevski, G.V., Chem. Ind., 2004, vol. 58, no. 3, p. 104.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Rovenskaya, S.A. and Ostrovskii, N.M., Khim. Tekhnol., 2007, vol. 8, no. 11, p. 495.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Akhmetov, A.F. and Karatun, O.N., Neftepererab. Neftekhim., 2001, no. 1, p. 23.

  61. Ostrovski, N.M., Rovenskaja, S.A., and Echevski, G.V., Chem. Ind. Chem. Eng. Q., 2007, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Euro Gas d.o.o, Senćanski put 75, 24000, Subotica, Serbia

    N. M. Ostrovskii

Authors
  1. N. M. Ostrovskii
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. M. Ostrovskii.

Ethics declarations

The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Dedicated to the blessed memory of R.A. Buyanov

Translated by V. Makhlyarchuk

Abbreviations and notation: TPO, temperature-programmed oxidation; EM, electron microscopy; EELS, electron energy loss spectroscopy; FTIR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; AES, Auger electron spectroscopy; XRD, X-ray diffraction; XPS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; EPR, electron paramagnetic resonance; CNT, carbon nanotube; SWCNT, single-walled carbon nanotube; MWCNT, multi-walled carbon nanotube; MCP, methylcyclopentane; CH, cyclohexane; n-C6, n-hexane; B, benzene; MTO, methanol conversion to olefins.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ostrovskii, N.M. Coking of Catalysts: Mechanisms, Models, and Influence. Kinet Catal 63, 52–66 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0023158422010062

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0023158422010062

Keywords:

Search

Navigation