Skip to main content
Log in

Turbulent Flow Structures around a Wavy Square Cylinder Based on Large Eddy Simulation

  • Published:
Fluid Dynamics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract—

Flow structures around a wavy square cylinder with a perturbation wavelength of 5.6D are investigated using large eddy simulation at the Reynolds number of 23 500. The detailed force characteristics and wake flow structures of the wavy square cylinder are captured and compared with a square cylinder. Under the effect of wavy leading edge up to 27% and 98% reduction in the mean drag and the lift fluctuations are achieved, respectively. The 3D mean flow field implies a high shear flow between node and saddle positions, which is associated with the generation of additional streamwise and vertical vortex pairs. These vortex structures are responsible for the three-dimensionality of the wake flow behind the wavy square cylinder. The instantaneous flow patterns suggest that the staggered pattern of von Kármán vortex shedding is suppressed and replaced by symmetric vortex shedding into the near wake region of the wavy square cylinder. This symmetric vortex structure in the near wake plays a role in preventing the upper and lower shear layers from interacting with each other. The time–frequency analysis exhibits a reduction in the dominating vortex shedding frequency for the case of wavy square cylinder, indicating a relatively steady wake flow. This can be attributed to the vortex dislocation behind the wavy square cylinder. In the range of high frequencies, small streaks associated with small-scale fluctuations are enhanced by the wavy leading edge. The present study suggests that the perturbation wavelength obtained from the wavelength of Mode A instability at laminar flow regime can be served as a basis for flow control in turbulent flow regime.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 10.
Fig. 11.
Fig. 12.
Fig. 13.
Fig. 14.
Fig. 15.
Fig. 16.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Chen, Y.J. and Shao, C.P., Suppression of vortex shedding from a rectangular cylinder at low Reynolds numbers, J. Fluids Struct., 2013, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 15–27.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. Chauhan, M.K., Dutta, S., and Gandhi, B.K., Wake flow modification behind a square cylinder using control rods, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 2019, vol. 184, pp. 342–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Kim, J. and Choi, H., Distributed forcing of flow over a circular cylinder, Phys. Fluids, 2005, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 35–35.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Rathakrishnan, E., Effect of splitter plate on bluff body drag, AIAA J., 1999, vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 1125–1126.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Lam, K. and Lin, Y.F., Effect of wavelength and amplitude of a wavy cylinder in cross flow at low Reynolds numbers, J. Fluid Mech., 2009, vol. 620, pp. 195–220.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Williamson, C.H.K., Vortex dynamics in cylinder wake, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 1996, vol. 28, pp. 477–539.

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Robichaux, J., Balachandar, S., and Vanka, S.P., Three-dimensional Floquet instability of the wake of square cylinder, Phys. Fluids, 1999, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 560–578.

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  8. Naghib-Lahouti, A., Lavoie, P., and Hangan, H., Wake instabilities of a blunt trailing edge profiled body at intermediate Reynolds numbers, Exp. Fluids, 2014, vol. 55, no. 7, p. 1779.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Luo, S.C., Tong, X.H., and Khoo, B.C., Transition phenomena in the wake of a square cylinder, J. Fluids Struct., 2007, vol. 23, pp. 227–248.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ryan, K., Thompson, M.C., and Hourigan, K., Three-dimensional transition in the wake of elongated bluff bodies, J. Fluid Mech., 2005, vol. 538, pp. 1–29.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. El-Gammal, M. and Hangan, H., Three-dimensional wake dynamics of a blunt and divergent trailing edge airfoil, Exp. Fluids, 2008, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 705–717.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lam, K., Lin, Y.F., Zou, L., and Liu, Y., Investigation of turbulent flow past a yawed wavy cylinder, J. Fluids Struct., 2010, vol. 26, nos. 7–8, pp. 1078–1097.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhang, W., Daichin, and Sang, J.L., PIV measurements of the near-wake behind a sinusoidal cylinder, Exp. Fluids, 2005, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 824–832.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. New, T.H., Shi, S., and Liu, Y., On the flow behaviour of confined finite-length wavy cylinders, J. Fluids Struct., 2015, vol. 54, pp. 281–296.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Naghib-Lahouti, A., Doddipatla, L.S., and Hangan, H., Secondary wake instabilities of a blunt trailing edge profiled body as a basis for flow control, Exp. Fluids, 2012, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 1547–1566.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Antiohos, A.A. and Thorpe, G.R., Effect of aspect ratio of a spanwise sinusoidal profile on the control of turbulent flows around bluff bodies, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 2015, vol. 145, pp. 237–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lam, K., Lin, Y.F., Zou, L., and Liu, Y., Numerical study of flow patterns and force characteristics for square and rectangular cylinders with wavy surfaces, J. Fluids Struct., 2012, vol. 28, pp. 359–377.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Choi, H., Jeon, W.P., and Kim, J., Control of flow over a bluff body, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 2008, vol. 40, pp. 113–139.

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. Darekar, R.M. and Sherwin, S.J., “Flow past a square-section cylinder with wavy stagnation face, J. Fluid Mech., 2001, vol. 426, pp. 263–295.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Sheard, G.J., Fitzgerald, M.J., and Ryan, K., Cylinders with square cross-section: wake instabilities with incidence angle variation, J. Fluid Mech., 2009, vol. 630, pp. 43–69.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Tong, X.H., Luo, S.C., and Khoo, B.C., Transition phenomena in the wake of an inclined square cylinder, J. Fluids Struct., 2008, vol. 24, pp. 994–1005.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Dobre, A., Hangan, H., and Vickery, B.J., Wake control based on spanwise sinusoidal perturbation, AIAA J., 2006, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 485–492.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. Dobre, A. and Hangan, H., Investigation of the three-dimensional intermediate wake topology for a square cylinder at high Reynolds number, Exp. Fluids, 2004, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 518–530.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Bearman, P.W. and Owen, J.C., Reduction of bluff body drag and suppression of vortex shedding by the introduction of wavy separation lines, J. Fluids Struct., 1998, vol. 12, pp. 123–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Oka, S. and Ishihara, T., Numerical study of aerodynamic characteristics of a square prism in a uniform flow, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 2009, vol. 97, pp. 548–559.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Mankbadi, M.R. and Georgiadis, N.J., Examination of parameters affecting large-eddy simulations of flow past a square cylinder, AIAA J., 2015, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1706–1712.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. Lyn, D.A., Einav, S., Rodi, W., and Park, J.H., A laser-Doppler velocimetry study of ensemble-averaged characteristics of the turbulent near wake of a square cylinder, J. Fluid Mech., 1995, vol. 304, pp. 285–319.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. Murakami, S. and Mochida, A., On turbulent vortex shedding flow past 2d square cylinder predicted by CFD, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 1995, vol. 54–55, pp. 192–211.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Lin, Y.F., Bai, H.L., Alam, M.M., Zhang, W.G., and Lam, K., Effects of large spanwise wavelength on the wake of a sinusoidal wavy cylinder, J. Fluids Struct., 2016, vol. 61, p. 392.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. Zheng, Y., Rinoshika, H., Zhang, D., and Rinoshika, A., Analyses on flow structures behind a wavy square cylinder based on continuous wavelet transform and dynamic mode decomposition, Ocean Eng., 2020, vol. 206, p. 108117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Lin, Y.F., Bai, H.L., and Alam, M.M., The turbulent wake of a square prism with wavy faces, Wind. Struct. An Int. J., 2016, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 127–142.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Norberg, C., Flow around rectangular cylinders: Pressure forces and wake frequencies, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 1993, vol. 49, nos. 1–3, pp. 187–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yan Zheng.

Ethics declarations

FUNDING AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author ZY wishes to acknowledge the financial support by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 11802108), Major Basic Research Project of the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (grant no. 19KJA510002), Science and Technology Project of Changzhou (grant no. CE20205036), and Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Unsteady Aerodynamics and Flow Control, MIIT, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (grant no. KLUAFC-E-202102).

The author AR wishes to acknowledge the financial support by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants nos. 11721202 and 11772035).

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, D., Rinoshika, A., Zheng, Y. et al. Turbulent Flow Structures around a Wavy Square Cylinder Based on Large Eddy Simulation. Fluid Dyn 57, 96–110 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0015462822010116

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0015462822010116

Keywords:

Navigation