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Bacterial toxin–antitoxin systems: Properties, functional significance, and possibility of use (Review)

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Abstract

Toxin–antitoxin systems are genetic modules usually consisting of two genes encoding a stable toxin and labile antidote (antitoxin). These systems are localized on plasmids, phages, and chromosomes and are widespread in bacteria and archaea. The review summarizes recent data regarding the classifications of toxin–antitoxin systems, their mechanisms of action and toxin targets, as well as their functional significance for bacterial cells and possibility of use.

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  1. N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    K. M. Klimina, E. U. Poluektova & V. N. Danilenko

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  1. K. M. Klimina
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Original Russian Text © K.M. Klimina, E.U. Poluektova, V.N. Danilenko, 2017, published in Prikladnaya Biokhimiya i Mikrobiologiya, 2017, Vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 449–461.

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Klimina, K.M., Poluektova, E.U. & Danilenko, V.N. Bacterial toxin–antitoxin systems: Properties, functional significance, and possibility of use (Review). Appl Biochem Microbiol 53, 494–505 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0003683817050076

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