Abstract
The data of ten cruises carried out in the northwestern part of the Sea of Japan (36°–47° N and 130°–141° E), including the coastal waters of Russia, from February to November in 2000–2015 are analyzed, which allows us to consider the features of primary production in different seasons in detail. The results of ship-based CTD observations, the concentrations of nutrients and chlorophyll-a (Chl), as well as satellite remote sensing ocean color data. At the beginning of the spring period, the maximum Chl and primary production (P) values are observed in the surface layer, and from May after the establishment of summer stratification, the bulk of Chl and high values of P are observed in the subsurface 20–40 m layer. In mid-October, the destruction of the summer stratification occurs and the supply of nutrients to the euphotic layer increases, as a result of which the concentration of Chl also increases. The value of annual P in the layer of photosynthesis according to the ship measurements is approximately twice as high as the satellite estimates of 400 and 224 g C/m2 year, respectively. The reasons for such differences are analyzed.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
O. D. Barteneva, E. A. Polyakova, and N. P. Rusin, Natural Light Regime on the Territory of the USSR (Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1971) [in Russian].
N. G. Erlov, Optics of the Sea (Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1980) [in Russian].
V. I. Zvalinskii, V. B. Lobanov, S. P. Zakharkov, and P. Ya. Tishchenko, “Chlorophyll, delayed fluorescence, and primary production in the northwestern part of the Sea of Japan,” Oceanology 46, 23–32 (2006).
V. I. Zvalinskii, P. V. Lobanova, P. Ya. Tishchenko, and V. B. Lobanov, “Estimation of primary production in the northeastern part of the Sea of Japan based on ship and satellite observations in autumn,” Izv TINRO 195, 184—200 (2018).
V. I. Zvalinsky, P. V. Lobanova, P. Ya. Tishchenko, and V. B. Lobanov, “Estimation of primary production in the northwestern part of the Sea of Japan by ship- and satellite-based observations,” Oceanology 59, 37—48 (2019).
V. I. Zvalinsky and P. Ya. Tishchenko, “Modeling photosynthesis and the growth of marine phytoplankton,” Oceanology 56, 527—539 (2016).
O. I. Koblents-Mishke, “Pacific primary production value,” Okeanologiya 5, 325—337 (1965).
O. I. Koblents-Mishke and V. I. Vedernikov, “Primary Production,” in Biology of the Ocean (Nauka, Moscow, 1977), pp. 183—209 [in Russian].
V. B. Lobanov, V. I. Ponomarev, A. N. Salyuk, et al., “Structure and Dynamics of Synoptic Eddies in the Northern Part of the Sea of Japan,” in Far Eastern Seas of Russia. Ocean Research (Nauka, Moscow, 2007), Vol. 1, pp. 450-473 [in Russian].
P. V. Lobanova, V. I. Zvalinsky, and P. Ya. Tishchenko, “Primary phytoplankton production and chlorophyll-a concentration in the western part of the Sea of Japan based on satellite and field data,” Sovrem. Probl. Distantsionnogo Zondirovaniya Zemli iz Kosmosa 14, 135—147 (2017).
P. P. Tishchenko, V. I. Zvalinskii, P. Ya. Tishchenko, and P. Yu. Semkin, “The primary production of Amursky Bay (Sea of Japan) in the summer of 2008,” Russ. J. Mar. Biol. 43, 224—231 (2017).
P. P. Tishchenko, P. Ya. Tishchenko, O. A. Elovskaya, et al., “Conditions for the formation of phytoplankton primary production in Vostok Bay (Sea of Japan) in spring 2016,” Izv. TINRO 198,164—185 (2019).
P. Ya. Tishchenko, L. D. Talley, A. P. Nedashkovskii, et al., “Temporal variability of hydrochemical properties of the Sea of Japan, Okeanologiya 42, 838—847 (2002).
Yu. V. Shambarova, I. E. Stepochkin, and S. P. Zakharkov, “Study of primary production variability in the Sea of Japan from satellite data based on EOF analysis,” Sovrem. Probl. Distantsionnogo Zondirovaniya Zemli iz Kosmosa 12, 80—92 (2015).
S. Alin, W. Evans, Z. Gao, et al., Ocean Acidification and Deoxygenation in the North Pacific Ocean. PICES Special Publication 5, Eds. J. R. Christian and T. Ono T (Sidney, B.C., Canada, The North Pacific Marine Science Organization, c/o Institute of Ocean Sciences, 2019).
K. Banse, “Should we continue to use the 1% light depth convention for estimating depth of phytoplankton for another 70 years?,” Bull. Limnol. Oceanogr. 13, 49–52 (2004).
K. Banse and J. R. Postel, “On using pigment-normalized? Light-saturated carbon uptake with satellite-derived pigment for estimating column photosynthesis,” Global Biogeochem. Cycles 17, 1079 (2003).
M. J. Behrenfeld, “Abandoning Sverdrup’s critical depth hypothesis on phytoplankton blooms,” Ecology 91, 977–989 (2010).
M. J. Behrenfeld and P. G. Falkowski, “Photosynthetic rates derived from satellite based chlorophyll concentration,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 42, 1–20 (1997).
M. J. Behrenfeld and P. G. Falkowski, “A Consumer’s guide to phytoplankton primary productivity models,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 42, 1479–1491 (1997b).
Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Ocean Colour Web, www.oceancolour.org/
J. K. Choi, J. H. Noh, T. Orlova, et al., “Phytoplankton and primary production,” in Oceanography of the East Sea (Japan Sea) (Springer Switzerland, 2016).
J. E. Dore, R. Lukas, D. W. Sadler, et al., “Physical and biogeochemical modulation of ocean acidification in the central North Pacific,” Proceed. Nat. Acad. Sci. 106, 12 235–12 240 (2009).
EEOS 630 Biol. Ocean. Processes. Sverdrup’s Critical Depth Concept and the Vernal Phytoplankton Bloom, Ed. by E. D. Gallagher (2010), Chapter 11, pp. 1–40.
H. P. Hansen and F. Koroleff, Determination of Nutrients. Methods of Seawater Analysis, Eds. K. Grasshoff, K. Kremling, and M. Ehrhardt (Willey-VCH, New York, 1999), 3rd ed.
A. E. Hickman, C. M. Moore, J. Sharples, et al., “Primary production and nitrate uptake within the seasonal thermocline of a stratified shelf sea,” Mar. Ecol.: Proc. Ser. 463, 30–57 (2012).
J. Ishizaka and K. Yamada, “Phytoplankton and Primary Production in the Japan Sea,” in Remote Sensing of the Asian Seas, Ed. by V. Barale and M. Gade (Springer Int. Publ., 2019), pp. 177–189
S. W. Jeffrey and G. F. Humphrey, “New spectrophotometric equations for determining chlorophylls a, b, c1 and c2 in higher plants, algae and natural phytoplankton,” Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz 167, 191–194 (1975).
S. W. Kim, S. Saitoh, J. Ishizaka, et al., “Temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton pigment concentration in the Japan Sea derived from CZCS images,” J. Ocean 56, 527–538 (2000).
J. T. Kirk, “The Nature and Measurement of the Light Environment in the Ocean,” in Primary Production and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea (Plenum Press, New York, 1992), pp. 9–29.
S.-H. Lim, C. J. Jang, I. S. Oh, and J.-J. Park, “Climatology of the mixed layer depth in the East/Japan Sea,” J. Mar. Syst. 96–97, 1–14 (2012).
P. Lobanova, G. H. Tilstone, I. Bashmachnikov, and V. Brotas, “Accuracy assessment of primary production models with and without photoinhibition using ocean-colour climate change initiative data in the North East Atlantic Ocean,” Remote Sensing 10, 1116 (2018).
J. Marra, “The compensation irradiance for phytoplankton in nature,” Geophys. Rev. Lett. 31, L06305 (2003).
A. Morel, Y. Huot, B. Gentili, et al., “Examining the consistency of products derived from various ocean color sensors in open ocean (case1) waters in the perspective of a multi-sensor approach,” Remote Sensing of Environment (2007).
Ocean Productivity Home Page. http://www.science. o-regonstate.edu/ocean.productivity/index.php
S. C. Painter, R. Sanders, A. J. Poulton, et al., “Nitrate uptake at photic zone depths is not important for export in subtropical ocean,” Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 21, GB4005 (2007).
PODAAC (Physical Oceanography Distributed Archive Center). https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/
S. Schmodtko, L. Stramma, and M. Visbeck, “Decline in global oceanic oxygen content during the past five decades,” Nature 542, 335–339 (2017).
H. U. Sverdrup, “On conditions for the vernal blooming of phytoplankton,” J. Conseil perm. int. Explor. Mer 18, 287–295 (1953).
L. D. Talley, V. Lobanov, V. Ponomarev, et al., “Deep convection and brine rejection in the Japan Sea,” Geophys. Rev. Lett. 30 (4), 1159 (2003).
L. Talley, D.-H. Min, V. Lobanov, et al., “Japan/East Sea water masses and their relation to the sea’s circulation,” Oceanogr. 19, 32–49 (2006).
P. Tishchenko, V. Lobanov, D. Kaplunenko, et al., “Acidification and deoxygenation of the Northwestern Japan/East Sea,” J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 9, 953 (2021).
K. Yamada, J. Ishizaka, and H. Nagata, “Spatial and temporal variability of satellite estimated primary production in the Japan Sea from 1998 to 2002,” J. Oceanogr. 61, 857–869 (2005).
V. I. Zvalinsky, “A New approach to the modeling of marine ecosystems,” PICES Scientific Rep., No. 17, 43–59 (2001).
Funding
This work was supported by the programs of fundamental scientific research of the state academies of sciences for 2021–2023, projects 0211-2021-0008 “Investigation of the main processes that determine the state and variability of the oceanological characteristics of the marginal seas of Asia and adjacent areas of the Pacific and Indian oceans” and 0211-2021-0014 “Ecological and biogeochemical processes in marine ecosystems: the role of natural and anthropogenic factors”.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zvalinsky, V.I., Lobanova, P.V., Tishchenko, P.Y. et al. Estimation of Primary Production in the Northern Part of the Sea of Japan in Various Seasons by Ship- and Satellite-Based Observations. Oceanology 62, 630–645 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437022050216
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437022050216