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Antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of different type cytostatics on mouse pluripotent stem and teratocarcinoma cells

  • Developmental Biology of Mammals
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Abstract

Pluripotent stem cells are able to proliferate indefinitely and differentiate in vitro into various cell types. However, in most cases in vitro differentiation of the pluripotent stem cells is asynchronous and incomplete, and the residual undifferentiated cells can initiate teratoma development after transplantation into recipients. These features of the pluripotent stem cells are the major issue for development of safe cell therapy technologies based on pluripotent stem cells. Considering significant resemblance of growth rates of pluripotent stem and cancer cells we investigated antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of different type cytostatics (mitomycin C, etoposide, vinblastine and cycloheximide) on the undifferentiated and differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells, embryonic germ cells, blastocyst and on mouse embryonal teratocarcinoma cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The findings showed that all cytostatics used induced both antiproliferative effects and acute toxic processes in undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells and embryonal teratocarcinoma cells whereas these effects were less in differentiating embryonic stem cells and embryonic fibroblast. Moreover, the trophoblast cells of mouse blastocysts were less sensitive to damaging effects of cytostatics than inner cell mass cells. The examination of deferred effects of cytostatics revealed that the effects of mitomycin C, etoposide and vinblastine, but not cycloheximide, were irreversible because survived cells were not able to proliferate. Nevertheless, the numbers of embryonic fibroblasts exposed to etoposide or vinblastine remained unchanged while vast majority of undifferentiated pluripotent cells treated underwent apoptosis. Thus, diverse effects of etoposide and vinblastine on the undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells and differentiated embryonic cells allow us to consider these cytostatics and their analogs as drug-candidates for selective elimination of the residual undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells from population of differentiating cells. These findings demonstrate for the first time the possibility of selective elimination of undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells using cytostatic drugs approved for clinic practice. However, to improve effectiveness and safety of this approach and to prevent mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic effects on undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated cell derivatives large-scale studies of cytostatic effects using different experimental design and active doses must be performed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kol’tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia

    O. F. Gordeeva

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  1. O. F. Gordeeva
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Correspondence to O. F. Gordeeva.

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Published in Russian in Ontogenez, 2012, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 268–277.

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Gordeeva, O.F. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of different type cytostatics on mouse pluripotent stem and teratocarcinoma cells. Russ J Dev Biol 43, 215–222 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062360412040030

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062360412040030

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