Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Belt and Road Initiative and cascading innovation in China’s domestic railway ecosystem

  • Published:
Journal of International Business Policy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper explores innovation in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Adopting a network view of innovation ecosystems, we argue that the Chinese government’s BRI practice of selecting and financing a limited number of companies – BRI firms – for foreign projects leads to a cascading innovation effect across firms in China’s domestic railway innovation ecosystem. We hypothesize that a firm’s innovation performance is positively related to its network proximity to and knowledge complementarity with BRI firms. We further propose that the positive relation between knowledge complementarity and innovation is stronger for private firms than state-owned enterprises (SOEs). We test our hypotheses using network and patent data that we have collected from China’s railway sector during the period 2013–2019 and find econometric evidence in line with our predictions. By combining network theory and ecosystem perspective, this study contributes to a better understanding of the impact of BRI on domestic innovation within China.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2

Adapted from Song, Liu, Gao, Liu, and Zheng (2020).

Figure 3
Figure 4

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Abecassis-Moedas, C., & Mahmoud-Jouini, S. B. 2008. Absorptive capacity and source-recipient complementarity in designing new products: An empirically derived framework. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 25(5): 473–490.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Acemoglu, D., Carvalho, V. M., Ozdaglar, A., & Tahbaz-Salehi, A. 2012. The network origins of aggregate fluctuations. Econometrica, 80(5): 1977–2016.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adner, R. 2017. Ecosystem as structure: An actionable construct for strategy. Journal of Management, 43(1): 39–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adner, R., & Kapoor, R. 2010. Value creation in innovation ecosystems: How the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations. Strategic Management Journal, 31(3): 306–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahuja, G. 2000. Collaboration networks, structural holes, and innovation: A longitudinal study. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45(3): 425–455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alcacer, J., & Oxley, J. 2014. Learning by supplying. Strategic Management Journal, 35(2): 204–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • American Enterprise Institute and the Heritage Foundation. 2019. China Global Investment Tracker. https://www.aei.org/china-global-investment-tracker/.

  • Anand, J., McDermott, G., Mudambi, R., & Narula, R. 2021. Innovation in and from emerging economies: New insights and lessons for international business research. Journal of International Business Studies, 52(4): 545–559.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, N., Potočnik, K., & Zhou, J. 2014. Innovation and creativity in organizations: A state-of-the-science review, prospective commentary, and guiding framework. Journal of Management, 40(5): 1297–1333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belt and Road Portal (BRP). 2019, October 11. Six Years of "Belt and Road"! https://eng.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/qwyw/rdxw/105854.htm

  • Borrás, S., & Laatsit, M. 2019. Towards system oriented innovation policy evaluation? Evidence from EU28 member states. Research Policy, 48(1): 312–321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P. J., Clegg, L. J., Cross, A. R., Liu, X., Voss, H., & Zheng, P. 2007. The determinants of Chinese outward foreign direct investment. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(4): 499–518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P., Clegg, L., Voss, H., Cross, A., Lui, X., & Zheng, P. 2018. A retrospective and agenda for future research on Chinese outward foreign direct investment. Journal of International Business Studies, 49: 4–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burt, R. S. 2004. Structural holes and good ideas. American Journal of Sociology, 110(2): 349–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carvalho, V. M. 2014. From micro to macro via production networks. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28(4): 23–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, S. 2017. The Belt and Road Initiative: Implications for China and East Asian economies. The Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies, 35(2): 52–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chanthanileuth, V., & Qi, P. 2020. Development opportunities for economic cooperation between China and Laos under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative. Journal of East China Normal University (natural Science), S1: 140–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J. J., Cui, C., Hunt, R. A., & Li, L. S. Z. 2020. External enablement of new venture creation: An exploratory, query-driven assessment of China’s high-speed rail expansion. Journal of Business Venturing, 35(6): 106046.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, L., & Naughton, B. 2016. An institutionalized policy-making mechanism: China’s return to techno-industrial policy. Research Policy, 45(10): 2138–2152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, M. X., & Lin, C. 2018. Foreign investment across the Belt and Road: Patterns, determinants, and effects. Washington, DC: The World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • China Railway Society (CRS). 1999. Societies. China Railway Yearbook. China Railway Publishing House.

  • Clarysse, B., Wright, M., Bruneel, J., & Mahajan, A. 2014. Creating value in ecosystems: Crossing the chasm between knowledge and business ecosystems. Research Policy, 43(7): 1164–1176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. 1990. Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: 128–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crossan, M. M., & Apaydin, M. 2010. A multi-dimensional framework of organizational innovation: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Management Studies, 47(6): 1154–1191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CRRC. 2020, September 27. Contract for procurement of EMUs for the China–Laos Railway was signed in Beijing. https://www.crrcgc.cc/g5122/s23683/t314894.aspx.

  • Cuervo-Cazurra, A., & Rui, H. 2017. Barriers to absorptive capacity in emerging market firms. Journal of World Business, 52(6): 727–742.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuervo-Cazurra, A., Inkpen, A., Musacchio, A., & Ramaswamy, K. 2014. Governments as owners: State-owned multinational companies. Journal of International Business Studies, 45(8): 919–942.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidsson, P., Recker, J., & von Briel, F. 2020. External enablement of new venture creation: A framework. Academy of Management Perspectives, 34(3): 311–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Soyres, F., Mulabdic, A., & Ruta, M. 2020. Common transport infrastructure: A quantitative model and estimates from the Belt and Road Initiative. Journal of Development Economics, 143(102415): 1–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dedehayir, O., Mäkinen, S. J., & Ortt, J. R. 2018. Roles during innovation ecosystem genesis: A literature review. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136: 18–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delre, S. A., Jager, W., Bijmolt, T. H., & Janssen, M. A. 2010. Will it spread or not? The effects of social influences and network topology on innovation diffusion. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 27(2): 267–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dougherty, D., & Dunne, D. D. 2011. Organizing ecologies of complex innovation. Organization Science, 22(5): 1214–1223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Du, J., & Zhang, Y. 2018. Does one belt one road initiative promote Chinese overseas direct investment? China Economic Review, 47: 189–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duan, X., & Liu, J. 2020. Progress and challenges in the development of China–Laos Economic Corridor under the background of “Belt and Road Initiative.” Journal of Yunnan Administration College, 04: 164–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edquist, C., & Zabala-Iturriagagoitia, J. M. 2012. Public procurement for Innovation as mission-oriented innovation policy. Research Policy, 41(10): 1757–1769.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao, X. 2019. Approaching the technological innovation frontier: Evidence from Chinese SOEs. Industry and Innovation, 26(1): 100–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gawer, A., & Cusumano, M. A. 2014. Industry platforms and ecosystem innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(3): 417–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Genin, A. L., Tan, J., & Song, J. 2021. State governance and technological innovation in emerging economies: State-owned enterprise restructuration and institutional logic dissonance in China’s high-speed train sector. Journal of International Business Studies, 52(4): 621–645.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gereffi, G., Humphrey, J., & Sturgeon, T. 2005. The governance of global value chains. Review of International Political Economy, 12(1): 78–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghossein, T., Hoekman, B., & Shingal, A. 2018. Public procurement in the Belt and Road Initiative. Washington, DC: World Bank.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gilsing, V., Nooteboom, B., Vanhaverbeke, W., Duysters, G., & van den Oord, A. 2008. Network embeddedness and the exploration of novel technologies: Technological distance, betweenness centrality and density. Research Policy, 37(10): 1717–1731.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gulati, R., Nohria, N., & Zaheer, A. 2000. Strategic networks. Strategic Management Journal, 21(3): 203–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He, J., Lv, T., Huang, Y., & Jiang, H. 2018. Motivation structure and capacity building of technological catch-up: Experience and policy implication of China’s High-Speed Rail. Journal of Management World, 34(10): 191–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrigel, G., Wittke, V., & Voskamp, U. 2013. The process of Chinese manufacturing upgrading: Transitioning from unilateral to recursive mutual learning relations. Global Strategy Journal, 3(1): 109–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howell, A. 2020. Agglomeration, absorptive capacity and knowledge governance: Implications for public–private firm innovation in China. Regional Studies, 54(8): 1069–1083.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howells, J. 2006. Intermediation and the role of intermediaries in innovation. Research Policy, 35(5): 715–728.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, Q. 2016. On China industrial structural reform of the supply front. New Industrial Economy, 10: 5–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, M. O. 2010. Social and economic networks. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobides, M. G., Cennamo, C., & Gawer, A. 2018. Towards a theory of ecosystems. Strategic Management Journal, 39(8): 2255–2276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kang, L., Peng, F., Zhu, Y., & Pan, A. 2018. Harmony in diversity: can the one belt one road initiative promote China’s outward foreign direct investment? Sustainability, 10(9): 3264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kano, L., Tsang, E. W., & Yeung, H. W. C. 2020. Global value chains: A review of the multi-disciplinary literature. Journal of International Business Studies, 51(4): 577–622.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kapoor, R. 2018. Ecosystems: Broadening the locus of value creation. Journal of Organization Design, 7(1): 12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katila, R., & Ahuja, G. 2002. Something old, something new: A longitudinal study of search behavior and new product introduction. Academy of Management Journal, 45(6): 1183–1194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kogut, B., & Zander, U. 1992. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology. Organization Science, 3(3): 383–397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lazzarini, S. G., Mesquita, L. F., Monteiro, F., & Musacchio, A. 2021. Leviathan as an inventor: An extended agency model of state-owned versus private firm invention in emerging and developed economies. Journal of International Business Studies, 52(4): 560–594.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leskovec, J., Adamic, L. A., & Huberman, B. A. 2007. The dynamics of viral marketing. ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB), 1(1): 5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, H., Guo, J., & Zhai, R. 2017. Does outward foreign direct investment affect job polarization in the China’s labor market? Journal of Finance and Economics, 06: 28–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, J. F., & Garnsey, E. 2014. Policy-driven ecosystems for new vaccine development. Technovation, 34(12): 762–772.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., Liu, B., & Qian, G. 2019. The Belt and Road Initiative, cultural friction and ethnicity: Their effects on the export performance of SMEs in China. Journal of World Business, 54: 350–359.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., Van Assche, A., Li, L., & Qian, G. 2021. FDI along the Belt and Road: A political economy perspective. Journal of International Business Studies. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-021-00435-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y., & Zhang, X. 2015. “The New Normal”: The logic and perspective of economic development. Economic Research Journal, 050(005): 4–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang, Z., & Li, D. 2018. S&T and innovation policies and the 40 years development of China’s industrial technology development. Science of Science and Management of S&T, 39(09): 21–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liao, H., Yang, L, Dai, S. & Van Assche, A. 2021. Outward foreign direct investment, industrial structure upgrading and domestic employment: Empirical evidence from the Chinese economy and the Belt and Road Initiative. Journal of Asian Economics. Forthcoming.

  • Lieberman, M. B., & Asaba, S. 2006. Why do firms imitate each other? Academy of Management Review, 31(2): 366–385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Makri, M., Hitt, M. A., & Lane, P. J. 2010. Complementary technologies, knowledge relatedness, and invention outcomes in high technology mergers and acquisitions. Strategic Management Journal, 31(6): 602–628.

    Google Scholar 

  • McFadyen, M. A., & Cannella, A. A., Jr. 2004. Social capital and knowledge creation: Diminishing returns of the number and strength of exchange relationships. Academy of Management Journal, 47(5): 735–746.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, K. E., Mudambi, R., & Narula, R. 2011. Multinational enterprises and local contexts: The opportunities and challenges of multiple embeddedness. Journal of Management Studies, 48(2): 235–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Commerce. 2020a. Report on Development of China’s Outward Investment and Economic Cooperation. http://images.mofcom.gov.cn/fec/202102/20210202162924888.pdf

  • Ministry of Commerce. 2020b. Public Directory of the Results of the Filing of Overseas Investment Enterprises (Institutions). http://femhzs.mofcom.gov.cn/fecpmvc/pages/fem/CorpJWList.html

  • Ministry of Science and Technology. 2016, September 14. Notice on Promoting Plans for Technological Innovation Cooperation in the Belt and Road Initiative. http://www.most.gov.cn/tztg/201609/t20160914_127689.htm

  • Nambisan, S., & Baron, R. A. 2013. Entrepreneurship in innovation ecosystems: Entrepreneurs’ self–regulatory processes and their implications for new venture success. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(5): 1071–1097.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nell, P. C., & Andersson, U. 2012. The complexity of the business network context and its effect on subsidiary relational (over-) embeddedness. International Business Review, 21(6): 1087–1098.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nooteboom, B. 1999. Innovation and inter-firm linkages: New implications for policy. Research Policy, 28(8): 793–805.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pan, Y., & David, K. T. 2000. The hierarchical model of market entry modes. Journal of International Business Studies, 31(4): 535–554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phelps, C. 2010. A longitudinal study of the influence of alliance network structure and composition on firm exploratory innovation. Academy of Management Journal, 53(4): 890–913.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phelps, C., Heidl, R., & Wadhwa, A. 2012. Knowledge, networks, and knowledge networks: A review and research agenda. Journal of Management, 38(4): 1115–1166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, W. W., Koput, K. W., & Smith-Doerr, L. 1996. Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Networks of learning in biotechnology. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41: 116–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rohrbeck, R., Hölzle, K., & Gemünden, H. G. 2009. Opening up for competitive advantage–How Deutsche Telekom creates an open innovation ecosystem. R&D Management, 39(4): 420–430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rojas, M. G. A., Solis, E. R. R., & Zhu, J. J. 2018. Innovation and network multiplexity: R&D and the concurrent effects of two collaboration networks in an emerging economy. Research Policy, 47(6): 1111–1124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothaermel, F. T., & Alexandre, M. T. 2009. Ambidexterity in technology sourcing: The moderating role of absorptive capacity. Organization Science, 20(4): 759–780.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, M. G., & Smorodinskaya, N. V. 2018. Leveraging complexity for ecosystemic innovation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136: 114–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sant’Ana, T. D., de Souza Bermejo, P. H., Moreira, M. F., & de Souza, W. V. B. 2020. The structure of an innovation ecosystem: foundations for future research. Management Decision, 58(12): 2725–2742.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schilling, M. A., & Phelps, C. 2007. Interfirm collaboration networks: The impact of large-scale network structure on firm innovation. Management Science, 53(7): 1113–1126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shipilov, A., & Gawer, A. 2020. Integrating research on interorganizational networks and ecosystems. Academy of Management Annals, 14(1): 92–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, P. V., & Phelps, C. 2013. Networks, social influence, and the choice among competing innovations: Insights from open source software licenses. Information Systems Research, 24(3): 539–560.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Song, T., Liu, W., Gao, B., Liu, Z., & Zheng, Z. 2020. Policy mobility of China’s overseas industrial zones in the lens of partnership: A case study of Thai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone. Acta Geographica Sinica, 06: 1199–1209.

    Google Scholar 

  • State Council. 2010, October 18. Decision of the State Council on accelerating the cultivation and development of strategic emerging industries. http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2010-10/18/content_1724848.htm

  • Su, Y. S., Zheng, Z. X., & Chen, J. 2018. A multi-platform collaboration innovation ecosystem: the case of China. Management Decision, 56(1): 125–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sui, G., Huang, L., & Huang, X. 2017. China’s foreign direct investment, infrastructure construction and the “Belt and Road” national economic growth. Journal of Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, 32(1): 32–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun, G. 2020, July 3. Construction of Vientiane station in the China–Laos Railway has officially started. http://world.people.com.cn/n1/2020/0703/c1002-31770674.html.

  • Sun, P., Deng, Z., & Wright, M. 2021. Partnering with Leviathan: The politics of innovation in foreign-host-state joint ventures. Journal of International Business Studies, 52(4): 595–620.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, P., Mellahi, K., & Thun, E. 2010. The dynamic value of MNE political embeddedness: The case of the Chinese automobile industry. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(7): 1161–1182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teece, D. J. 2018. Profiting from innovation in the digital economy: Enabling technologies, standards, and licensing models in the wireless world. Research Policy, 47(8): 1367–1387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torres de Oliveira, R., Nguyen, T., Liesch, P., Verreynne, M. L., & Indulska, M. (2021). Exporting to escape and learn: Vietnamese manufacturers in global value chains. Journal of World Business, 56(4): 101227.

  • Tsujimoto, M., Kajikawa, Y., Tomita, J., & Matsumoto, Y. 2018. A review of the ecosystem concept—Towards coherent ecosystem design. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136: 49–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turkina, E., & Van Assche, A. 2018. Global connectedness and local innovation in industrial clusters. Journal of International Business Studies, 49: 706–728.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turkina, E., & Van Assche, A. 2019. An anatomy of Bengaluru’s ICT cluster: A community detection approach. Management and Organization Review, 15(3): 533–561.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Krogh, G., & von Hippel, E. 2006. The promise of research on open source software. Management Science, 52(7): 975–983.

  • Wang, C., Hong, J., Kafouros, M., & Wright, M. 2012. Exploring the role of government involvement in outward FDI from emerging economies. Journal of International Business Studies, 43(7): 655–676.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, G., & Lu, X. 2019. Can the Belt and Road Initiative promote China’s corporate innovation? Journal of Finance and Economics, 45(1): 19–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, G., & Xu, H. 2020. Influence of the Belt and Road Initiative on overseas development of China rail transit equipment manufacturing. China Transportation Review, 42(1): 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, R. D., & Miller, C. D. 2020. Complementors’ engagement in an ecosystem: A study of publishers’ e-book offerings on Amazon Kindle. Strategic Management Journal, 41(1): 3–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y., & Li, X. 2015. China’s evaluation of investment risks in countries along “One Belt, One Road.” China Opening Journal, 04: 30–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warwick, K. 2013. Beyond Industrial Policy: Emerging Issues and New Trends, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers, No. 2, Paris: OECD Publishing.

  • Warwick, K., & Nolan, A. 2014. Evaluation of Industrial Policy: Methodological Issues and Policy Lessons (Vol. 16, ). Paris: OECD Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watts, D. J. 1999. Networks, dynamics, and the small-world phenomenon. American Journal of Sociology, 105(2): 493–527.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watts, D. J. 2002. A simple model of global cascades on random networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(9): 5766–5771.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xia, T., & Liu, X. 2017. Foreign competition, domestic competition and innovation in Chinese private high-tech new ventures. Journal of International Business Studies, 48(6): 716–739.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, C., & Li, X. 2017. Transportation should be the priority in the implementation of “the Belt and Road Initiative”. People's Tribune, 18.

  • Yang, Z., Chen, H., Du, L., Lin, C., & Lu, W. 2021. How does alliance-based government-university-industry foster cleantech innovation in a green innovation ecosystem? Journal of Cleaner Production, 283: 124559.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yao, Z., Yang, Z., Fisher, G. J., Ma, C., & Fang, E. E. 2013. Knowledge complementarity, knowledge absorption effectiveness, and new product performance: The exploration of international joint ventures in China. International Business Review, 22(1): 216–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J. 2020, March 31. The China–Laos Railway communication signal project has officially started. http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2020-03/31/c_1125793610.htm.

  • Zhang, J., & Li, W. 2020. Research on new era science and technology innovation theory and its practice path under the background of “One Belt and One Road.” Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 37(8): 27–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, P. 2018. The infrastructure construction level of the belt and road impacts on bilateral trade from Asian countries: Analysis based on extended gravity model. World Economy Studies, 6: 70–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, F. 2016. Coupling mechanism. In B. Gao, G. Li, & Z. Zhen (Eds.), High-Speed Rail: An Analysis of Chinese Innovation System. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, K. Z., Gao, G. Y., & Zhao, H. 2017. State ownership and firm innovation in China: An integrated view of institutional and efficiency logics. Administrative Science Quarterly, 62(2): 375–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of International Business, HEC Montréal, Montreal, H3T2A7, Canada

    Yang Gao

Authors
  1. Yang Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yang Gao.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Accepted by Gongming Qian, Guest Editor, 4 January 2022. This article has been with the author for four revisions.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gao, Y. The Belt and Road Initiative and cascading innovation in China’s domestic railway ecosystem. J Int Bus Policy 5, 236–258 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1057/s42214-022-00132-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s42214-022-00132-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation