Abstract
This study encompasses a thorough literature review of studies on the concept of alternative capital, community currency, time banking, time exchanges and how Time Banks impact the cultural, emotional and social elements of individuals. It also tries to emphasize if alternative money is an inherent need to achieve wholesome capital and if so what factors influence it. The study starts by trying to find various forms of capital and if there exists an inherent need for individuals to look beyond existing currency to alternate forms of capital in order to achieve wholesome satisfaction from capital. It goes further encompassing a thorough literature review of research done on the concepts of alternative capital, community currency, Time Banking, time exchanges and factors dominating the need for such alternate currency exchange systems. The findings focus on the ways in which Time Banks impact the cultural, emotional and social fabric of individuals while, exploring if the concept of Time Banking could be a missing solution for integrated social inclusion of vulnerable communities.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aschaffenburg, K., and I. Maas. 1997. Cultural and Educational Careers: The Dynamics of Social Reproduction. American Sociological Review 62: 573–587.
Baker, Wayne E. 1990. Market Networks and Corporate Behavior. American Journal of Sociology 96(3): 589–625.
Bell, Shannon Elizabeth. 2009. There Ain’t No Bond in Town Like There Used to Be:’ The Destruction of Social Capital in the West Virginia Coalfields. Sociological Forum 24(3): 631–657.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology: Cambridge University Press.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1986. The Forms of Capital. In Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, ed. J.G. Richardson. New York: Greenwood Press.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1993. Sociology in question. (R. Nice, Trans.). London: Sage.
Boyle, D. 2014. An investigation into the use of reciprocal volunteering and complementary currencies for social impact The Potential of Time Banks to support Social Inclusion and Employability, Joint Research Centre Institute for Prospective Technological Studies.
Boyle, David, Sherry Clark, and Sarah Burns. 2006. Co-production by People Outside Paid Employment. London: Joseph Rowntree Foundation and The New Economic Foundation.
Brown, Nicholas, and Imre Szeman. 2000. Pierre Bourdieu: Fieldwork in Culture. Lanham, MD and Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.
Buber, Martin. 1970. I and Thou. New York City: Simon and Schuster.
Cahn, Edgar S. 2000. No More Throw Away People: The Co-Production Imperative, 1st ed. Washington, DC: Essential Books.
Cahn, Edgar S. 2001. On LETS and Time Dollars. International Journal of Community Currency Research 5(2): 1–4.
Cahn, Edgar S. 2004. No More Throw Away People: The Co-Production Imperative, 2nd ed, 164. Washington, DC: Essential Books.
Caldwell, Caron. 2000. Why do People Join Local Exchange Trading Systems? International Journal of Community Currency Research 4(1): 1–6.
Coleman, James S. 1988. Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. The American Journal of Sociology 94: S95–S120.
Collom, Ed. 2005. Community Currency in the United States: The Social Environments in which it Emerges and Survives. Environment and Planning A 37(9): 1565–1587.
Collom, Ed. 2007. The Motivations, Engagement, Satisfaction, Outcomes, and Demographics of Time Bank Participants: Survey Findings from a U.S System. International Journal of Community Currency Research 11: 36–83.
Covey, Stephen R. 2004. The 8th Habit: From Effectiveness to Greatness. New York: Free Press.
DiMaggio, Paul. 1982. Cultural Capital and School Success: The Impact of Status Culture Participation on the Grades of U.S. high School Students. American Sociological Review 47: 189–201.
Duarte, Margarida, and Diego Restuccia. 2012. The Productivity of Nations. FRB Richmond Economic Quarterly 92(3): 195–223.
Dwivedi, Dhananjay Vasudeo. 2016. Wealth and Its Various Aspects as Depicted in Vedic Literature. Veda-Vidyā 28: 91–117.
Gaskin, K. 2008. A Winning Team? The Impacts of Volunteers in Sport, http://www.sportdevelopment.info/index.php/browse-all-documents/691-a-winning-team-the-impacts-of-volunteers-in-sport?catid=55%3Aresearchsurveys. Accessed 2 June 2018.
Gregory, Lee. 2009. Change Takes Time: Exploring Structural and Development Issues of Time Banking. International Journal of Community Currency Research 13: 19–32.
Huppatz, Kate. 2009. Reworking Bourdieu’s ‘Capital’: Feminine and Female Capitals in the Field of Paid Caring Work. Sociology 43(1): 45–66.
Krohn, Gregory A., and Alan M. Snyder. 2008. An Economic Analysis of Contemporary Local Currencies in the United States. International Journal of Community Currency Research 12: 53–68.
Mayo, Andrew. 2001. The Human Value of the Enterprise. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing.
McCall, L. 1992. Does Gender Fit? Bourdieu, Feminism and Conceptions of Social Order, Theory and Society 21(6): 837–867.
Miller, E. Jill. 2008. Both Borrowers and Lenders: Time banks and the aged in japan, Australian National University publication, 73–78. www.mitimebanks.org/wpcontent/uploads/2011/12/Study_Time_Banks_of_Japan.pdf. Accessed 4 June 2018.
Murdock, G. 2000. Class Stratification and Cultural Consumption: Some Motifs in the Work of Pierre Bourdieu. In Pierre Bourdieu, ed. D. Robbins. London: SAGE.
North, Peter. 2003. Time Banks: Learning the Lessons from LETS? Local Economy 18(3): 267–270.
Ozanne, Lucie K. 2010. Learning to Exchange Time: Benefits and Obstacles to Time Banking. International Journal of Community Currency Research 14: A1–16.
Putnam, Robert D. 1995. Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital. Journal of Democracy 6: 65–78.
Putnam, Robert D. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Reay, Diane. 2004. Gendering Bourdieu’s Concept of Capitals? Emotional Capital, Women and Social Class. In Feminism after Bourdieu, ed. L. Adkins, and B. Skeggs, 57–74. Oxford: Blackwell.
Reilly, Christine and Tam Cassidy. 2008. The Impact of Time Banking in Scotland, Volunteer Development Scotland, August, http://www.volunteernow.co.uk/fs/doc/publications/time-banking-information-sheet-nl.pdf. Accessed 2 June 2018.
Rowe, J.W., and R.L. Kahn. 1998. Successful Aging. New York: Pantheon Books.
Seyfang, G. 2001a. Community Currencies: Small Change for a Green Economy. Environment and Planning A 33(6): 975–996.
Seyfang, G. 2001b. Money that Makes a Change: Community Currencies North and South. Gender and Development 9(1): 60–69.
Seyfang, G. 2001c. Working for the Fenland Dollar: An Evaluation of Local Exchange Trading Schemes (lets), As an Informal Employment Strategy to Tackle Social Exclusion. Work, Employment & Society 15(3): 581–593.
Seyfang, Gill. 2002. Tackling Social Exclusion with Community Currencies: Learning from LETS to Time Banks, International Journal of Community Currency Research, 6.
Seyfang, Gill. 2003. Growing Cohesive Communities one Favour at a Time: Social Exclusion, Active Citizenship and Time Banks. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 27(3): 699–706.
Seyfang, Gill. 2004a. Time Banks: Rewarding Community Self-Help in the Inner City? Community Development Journal 39(1): 62–71.
Seyfang, Gill. 2004b. Working Outside the Box: Community Currencies, Time Banks and Social Inclusion. Journal of Social Policy 33: 49–71.
Seyfang, Gill. 2006. Harnessing the Potential of the Social Economy? Time banks and UK public policy, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 26(9/10): 430–443.
Seyfang, Gill, and Noel Longhurst. 2013. Growing Green Money? Mapping grassroots currencies for sustainable development, Ecological Economics 86: 65–77.
Seyfang, Gill, and K. Smith. 2002. The Time of Our Lives: Using Time Banking for Neighbourhood Renewal and Community Capacity Building. Norwich: New Economics Foundation and University of East Anglia.
Shilling, Chris. 1991. Education the Body: Physical Capital and the Production of Social Inequalities. Sociology 25(4): 653–672.
Simon, Martin. 2003. A Fair Share of Health Care: Time Banks UK and Health, Fair Shares and Sandwell Health Authority. www.fairshares.org.uk/wpcontent/uploads/2016/06/Timebanks_and_health_improvement_1.pdf. Accessed 2 June 2018.
Suman, N. and H.S. Ashok. 2015. Relevance of Purusharthas in understanding values and motivations of professionals. 8. 81-90. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286072845_Relevance_of_Purusharthas_in_understanding_values_and_motivations_of_professionals (accessed on 29 April 2018).
Time Banks USA. 2010. Timebanks USA Membership Directory. www.timebanks.org. (Accessed 29 April 2018).
Trainor, Audret A. 2010. Diverse Approaches to Parent Advocacy During Special Education Home-School Interactions Identification and Use of Cultural and Social Capital. Remedial and Special Education 31(1): 34–47.
Valek, Lukas. 2016. Open Ways for Time Banking Research: Project Management and Beyond. International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals 7(1): 35–47.
van Kuik, I.R. 2009. Time for Each Other: Working Towards a Complementary Currency Model to Serve the Anti-Poverty Policies of the Municipality of Landgraaf. The Netherlands, International Journal of Community Currency Research 13: 3–18.
Williams, Colin C. 2004. Informal volunteering: Some Lessons from the United Kingdom. Journal of Policy and Analysis and Management 23(3): 613–616.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dash, B., Sandhu, N. Time Banking: The Missing Link. Development 61, 164–171 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41301-018-0177-2
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41301-018-0177-2