Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Vaccine Delivery and Adoption by Women and Men in North-Eastern Kenya

  • Original Article
  • Published:
The European Journal of Development Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an endemic transboundary disease of cattle controlled by vaccination, with a vaccine characterized by low efficacy and safety. To contribute towards its eradication, social scientists have sought ways of improving the delivery and adoption of the vaccine, whereas vaccine scientists have attempted to develop safer and more efficacious vaccines. To understand the status of CBPP vaccine delivery and the effect of gender on vaccine adoption, qualitative and quantitative data were collected from vaccine delivery stakeholders, including men and women cattle owners from north-eastern Kenya. The results indicate that the main constraints to vaccine delivery include restricted distribution due to stringent government regulation and the need for a cold supply chain, which is exacerbated by poor transport infrastructure. On vaccine adoption, men and women accepted the vaccine, but men were willing to pay significantly higher prices than women because they were significantly wealthier.

Résumé

La péripneumonie contagieuse bovine (PCB) est une maladie transfrontalière endémique des bovins contrôlés par la vaccination, avec un vaccin caractérisé par une faible efficacité et une faible sécurité. Pour contribuer à son éradication, les chercheurs en sciences sociales ont cherché des moyens d’améliorer l’administration et l’adoption du vaccin, tandis que les scientifiques du vaccin ont tenté de développer des vaccins plus sûrs et plus efficaces. Pour comprendre le statut de l’administration du vaccin PCB et l’effet du genre sur l’adoption des vaccins, des données qualitatives et quantitatives ont été recueillies auprès des acteurs de la vaccination, notamment des hommes et des femmes propriétaires de bétail au nord-est du Kenya. Les résultats indiquent que les principales contraintes à l’administration des vaccins comprennent une distribution restreinte en raison de la réglementation gouvernementale rigoureuse et de la nécessité de la chaîne du froid, qui est exacerbée par une infrastructure de transport médiocre. En ce qui concerne l’adoption des vaccins, les hommes et les femmes ont accepté le vaccin, mais les hommes étaient disposés à payer des prix sensiblement plus élevés que les femmes parce qu’ils étaient sensiblement plus riches.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Source Authors

Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Photos by Mustafa Maalim Ahmed, March 2014

Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. The US dollar was retailing at around Kenya shillings 87 at the time of the study (March 2014).

  2. USD 1.5 = Ksh 130.5. 30% of 130.5 = 39.15. 130.5 + 39.15 = 169.65—rounded off to Sh 200 to cater for currency fluctuation and vaccine delivery costs from source to end user in the study location.

  3. The Kenyan government provides free or subsidize cattle vaccination as a public good from time to time, especially during disease outbreaks.

References

  • Andersen, S., G. Harisson, M. Lau, and E. Rutstrom. 2006. Elicitation using multiple price list formats. Experimental Economics 9: 383–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basu, A., N. Chau, and U. Grote. 2003. Eco-labelling and stages of development. Review of Development Economics 7: 228–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bateman, I., H. Langford, and J. Rasbash. 2001. Willingness to pay question format effects in contingent valuation studies. In Valuing environmental preferences: Theory and practice of the contingent valuation method in the US, EU, and developing countries, ed. I. Bateman and K. Willis, 511–539. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Behera, B., and A. Behera. 2013. Gender issues: The role of women in agriculture sector in India. International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services and Management Research 2: 134–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyle, K., R. Bishop, and M. Welsh. 1985. Starting point bias in contingent valuation bidding. Land Economics 6: 188–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, A., Cutts, F., Justice, J., and Walt, G. 1999. Policy study of factors influencing the adoption of new and underutilized vaccines in developing countries. Report commissioned by CVI and USAID. http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnack648.pdf. Accessed on 20 February 2014.

  • Brookshire, D., M. Thayer, W. Schulze, and R. d’Arge. 1982. Valuing public goods: A comparison of survey and hedonic approaches. American Economic Review 72: 165–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carson, R., and W. Hanemann. 2005. Contingent valuation. In Handbook of environmental economics, vol. 2, ed. K. Maler and J. Vincent, 821–936. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • CIDP. 2014. Garissa County integrated development plan 2013–2017. http://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/system/files/documents/files/GARISSA%20COUNTY%20GOVERNMENT%20CIDP.1.pdf. Accessed on 16 May 2015.

  • Deere, C. 2005. The feminization of agriculture? Economic restructuring in rural Latin America. Occasional paper No. 1. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD).

    Google Scholar 

  • Deere, C., G. Alvarado, and J. Twyman. 2012. Gender inequality in asset ownership in Latin America female owners vs household heads. Development and Change 43: 505–530.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deere, C., and C. Doss. 2006. The gender asset gap: What do we know and why does it matter? Feminist Economics 12: 1–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doss, C., C. Grown, and C. Deere. 2008. Gender and asset ownership: A guide to collecting individual-level data. Policy research working paper 4704. Washington, DC: World Bank.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Doss, C. 2001. Designing agricultural technology for African women farmers: Lessons from 25 years of experience. World Development 29: 2075–2092.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2012. Invisible guardians: Women managing livestock diversity. No. 174, Rome, Italy, pp. 74.

  • GALVmed. 2010. Vaccines for the control of neglected animal diseases in Africa (VACNADA). http://www.fanrpan.org/documents/d01047/GALVmed_newsletter_November2010.pdf. Accessed on 14 May 2014.

  • Heffernan, C., and Misturelli, F. 2000. The delivery of veterinary services to the poor: Preliminary findings from Kenya. Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics Research Unit, Department of Agriculture, University of Reading RG6 6AT, London. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08d2aed915d3cfd001868/R7359a.pdf. Accessed on 8 July 2013.

  • Index Mundi. 2014. Kenya sex ratio. http://www.indexmundi.com/kenya/sex_ratio.html. Accessed on 16 May 2015.

  • Johnson, N., J. Njuki, E. Waithanji, M. Nhambeto, M. Rogers, and E. Kruger. 2013. The gendered impacts of agricultural asset transfer projects: Lessons from the Manica Smallholder Dairy Development Program. CAPRi Working Paper No. 115. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jothilakshmi, M., D. Thirunavukkarasu, and N. Sudeepkumar. 2014. Exit of youths and feminization of smallholder livestock production: A field study in India. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 29: 146–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kairu-Wanyoike, S., S. Kaitibie, C. Heffernan, N. Taylor, G. Gitau, H. Kiara, and D. McKeever. 2014. Willingness to pay for Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia vaccination in Narok South District of Kenya. Preventive Veteterinary Medicine 115: 130–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, F. 2011. Biotechnology fundamentals, 608. Boca Raton: CRC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayoux, L., and R. Chambers. 2005. Reversing the paradigm: Quantification, participatory methods and pro poor impact assessment. International Development 17 (2): 271–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mburu, S., J. Njuki, and J. Kariuki. 2013. Women’s access to livestock information and financial services. In Women, livestock ownership and markets: Bridging the gender gap in eastern and southern Africa, ed. J. Njuki and P. Sanginga, 79–94. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meinzen-Dick, R., A. Quisumbing, J. Behrman, P. Biermayr-Jenzano, V. Wilde, M. Noordeloos, C. Ragasa, and N. Beintema. 2011. Engendering agricultural research, development and extension. Research Monograph. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, M., R. Blamey, and J. Bennett. 2000. Minimising payment vehicle bias in contingent valuation studies. Environmental and Resource Economics 16: 407–422.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Njuki, J., and S. Mburu. 2013. Gender and ownership of livestock assets. In Women, livestock ownership and markets: Bridging the gender gap in eastern and southern Africa, ed. J. Njuki and P. Sanginga, 21–38. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oyston, P., and Robinson, K. 2012. The current challenges for vaccine development. Journal of Medical Microbiology 61: 889–894. http://www.microbiologyresearch.org/docserver/fulltext/jmm/61/7/889_jmm039180.pdf?expires=1484301536&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=A5C5A77EB5F6804382709A27A85E8531.

  • Quisumbing, A., S. Roy, J. Njuki, K. Tanvin, and E. Waithanji. 2013. Can dairy value chain projects change gender norms in rural Bangladesh? Impacts on assets, gender norms, and time use. Discussion Paper 01311. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, R., R. d’Arge, and D. Brookshire. 1980. An experiment on the economic value of visibility. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 7: 1–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schelling, E., M. Bechir, M. Ahmed, K. Wyss, T. Randolph, and J. Zinsstag. 2007. Human and animal vaccination delivery to remote nomadic families, Chad. Emerging Infectious Diseases 13: 373–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schelling, E., K. Wyss, M. Bechir, D. Moto, and J. Zinsstag. 2005. Synergy between public health and veterinary services to deliver human and animal health interventions in rural low income settings. British Medical Journal 331: 1264–1267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saghir, P., J. Njuki, E. Waithanji, J. Kariuki, and A. Sikira. 2012. Integrating improved goat breeds with new varieties of sweet potatoes and cassava in the agro-pastoral systems of Tanzania: A gendered analysis. ILRI Discussion Paper No. 21. Nairobi: ILRI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen, J. 2012. Understanding the determinants of consumers’ willingness to pay for eco-labelled products: An empirical analysis of the China environmental label. Journal of Service Science and Management 5: 87–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thayer, M. 1981. Contingent valuation techniques for assessing environmental impacts: Further evidence. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 8: 27–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venkatachalam, L. 2004. The contingent valuation method: A review. Environmental Impact Assessment 24: 89–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waithanji, E., S. Wanyoike, and M. Liani. 2015. The role of gender and other socioeconomic factors in the adoption of the Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) vaccine. ILRI Discussion Paper no 29. Nairobi: ILRI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wooldridge, J.M. 2013. Introductory econometrics: A modern approach, 5th edn. Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Canadian International Food Security Research Fund (CIFSRF)—a program of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC); CGIAR research program on Policies, Institutions and Markets (PIM).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nairobi, Kenya

    Elizabeth Waithanji

  2. International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya

    Nadhem Mtimet

  3. University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya

    Pauline Muindi

Authors
  1. Elizabeth Waithanji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nadhem Mtimet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Pauline Muindi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elizabeth Waithanji.

Additional information

Elizabeth Waithanji—Gender Consultant, P.O. Box 51834, Nairobi 00200, Kenya.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Waithanji, E., Mtimet, N. & Muindi, P. Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Vaccine Delivery and Adoption by Women and Men in North-Eastern Kenya. Eur J Dev Res 31, 364–387 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-018-0157-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-018-0157-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation